FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Earth-viewing L-band radiometer sensing of sea surface scattered celestial sky radiation - Part I: General characteristics BT AF TENERELLI, Joseph REUL, Nicolas MOUCHE, Alexis CHAPRON, Bertrand AS 1:1;2:1;3:1,2;4:1; FF 1:PDG-DOP-DCB-OPS-LOS;2:PDG-DOP-DCB-OPS-LOS;3:;4:PDG-DOP-DCB-OPS-LOS; C1 IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Oceang Spatiale, F-29200 Plouzane, France. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-75039 Paris, France. C2 IFREMER, FRANCE CNES, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-DOP-DCB-OPS-LOS IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018 copubli-france IF 3.157 TC 46 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-3922.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Scattering;Remote sensing;Radiometry AB The "galactic glitter" phenomenon at L-band, i.e., the scattering of celestial sky radiation by the rough ocean surface, is examined here as a potential source of error for sea surface salinity (SSS) remote sensing. We begin by considering the transformations that must be applied to downwelling celestial noise in order to compute the eventual impact on the antenna temperature. Then, outside the context of any particular measurement system, we use approximate scattering models along with a model for the equilibrium wind wave spectrum to examine how the scattered signal at the surface might depend on the geophysical conditions and scattering geometry. It is found that, when the specular point lies far away from the galactic plane, where the incident celestial brightness is uniform, sea surface roughness has a negligible impact on the glitter. At such a point, variations in both the orientation of the incidence plane and the wind direction relative to the scattering azimuth have negligible impact. By contrast, when the specular point lies in the vicinity of a localized maximum of brightness, scattering by the roughened ocean surface may reduce the glitter by more than 30%, as compared to a perfectly flat surface, and the glitter amplitude may vary by up to 0.7 K with variations in wind direction and by up to 0.5 K with variations in incidence plane orientation. It is shown that accounting for the roughness impact on celestial noise contamination is of particular concern for the remote sensing of SSS. PY 2008 PD MAR SO IEEE-Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing SN 0196-2892 PU IEEE GRSS VL 46 IS 3 UT 000253734200008 BP 659 EP 674 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.914803 ID 3922 ER EF