Extending the sub-sea-floor biosphere

Type Article
Date 2008-05
Language English
Author(s) Roussel ErwanORCID2, 3, Cambon-Bonavita Marie-AnneORCID2, 3, Querellou Joel2, 3, Cragg B1, Webster G1, Prieur D2, Parkes R1
Affiliation(s) 1 : Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3YE, Wales.
2 : Univ Bretagne Occidentale, IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Microbiol Environn Extremes,UMR 6197, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
Source Science (0036-8075) (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2008-05 , Vol. 320 , N. 5879 , P. 1046
DOI 10.1126/science.1154545
WOS© Times Cited 136
Abstract Sub-sea-floor sediments may contain two-thirds of Earth's total prokaryotic biomass. However, this has its basis in data extrapolation from ~500-meter to 4-kilometer depths, whereas the deepest documented prokaryotes are from only 842 meters. Here, we provide evidence for low concentrations of living prokaryotic cells in the deepest (1626 meters below the sea floor), oldest (111 million years old), and potentially hottest (~100°C) marine sediments investigated. These Newfoundland margin sediments also have DNA sequences related to thermophilic and/or hyperthermophilic Archaea. These form two unique clusters within Pyrococcus and Thermococcus genera, suggesting unknown, uncultured groups are present in deep, hot, marine sediments (~54° to 100°C). Sequences of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea were also present, suggesting a deep biosphere partly supported by methane. These findings demonstrate that the sub-sea-floor biosphere extends to at least 1600 meters below the sea floor and probably deeper, given an upper temperature limit for prokaryotic life of at least 113°C and increasing thermogenic energy supply with depth.
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