| Type |
Article |
| Date |
2011-08 |
| Language |
English |
| Author(s) |
Sima Laura C.2, Schaeffer Julien1, Le Saux Jean-Claude1, Parnaudeau Sylvain1, Elimelech Menachem2, Le Guyader Soizick1 |
| Affiliation(s) |
1 : IFREMER, Lab Microbiol LNR, F-44311 Nantes 03, France
2 : Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA |
| Source |
Applied And Environmental Microbiology (0099-2240) (Amer Soc Microbiology), 2011-08 , Vol. 77 , N. 15 , P. 5170-5177 |
| DOI |
10.1128/AEM.00583-11 |
| WOS© Times Cited |
61 |
| Abstract |
To evaluate membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment virus removal, a study was conducted in southwest France. Samples collected from plant influent, an aeration basin, membrane effluent, solid sludge, and effluent biweekly from October 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed for calicivirus (norovirus and sapovirus) by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) using extraction controls to perform quantification. Adenovirus and Escherichia coli also were analyzed to compare removal efficiencies. In the influent, sapovirus was always present, while the norovirus concentration varied temporally, with the highest concentration being detected from February to May. All three human norovirus genogroups (GI, GII, and GIV) were detected in effluent, but GIV was never detected in effluent; GI and GII were detected in 50% of the samples but at low concentrations. In the effluent, sapovirus was identified only once. An adenovirus titer showing temporal variation in influent samples was identified only twice in effluent. E. coli was always below the limit of detection in the effluent. Overall, the removal of calicivirus varied from 3.3 to greater than 6.8 log units, with no difference between the two main genogroups. Our results also demonstrated that the viruses are blocked by the membrane in the treatment plant and are removed from the plant as solid sludge. |
| Full Text |
| File |
Pages |
Size |
Access |
|
8 |
169 KB |
Access on demand |
| Author's final draft |
19 |
204 KB |
Open access |
|
