Selection of bioprotective cultures for preventing cold-smoked salmon spoilage

Type Article
Date 2015-11
Language English
Author(s) Leroi FrancoiseORCID1, Cornet Josiane2, Chevalier FrederiqueORCID1, Cardinal MireilleORCID2, Coeuret Gwendoline3, 4, Chaillou Stephane3, 4, Joffraud Jean-Jacques1
Affiliation(s) 1 : IFREMER, Lab Ecosyst Microbiens & Mol Marines Biotechnol E, F-44311 Nantes, France.
2 : IFREMER, Lab Bioressources Marines & Bioraffinerie Hydroly, F-44311 Nantes, France.
3 : INRA, Micalis UMR1319, Lact Acid Bacteria & Meat Microbial Ecosyst Lab, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France.
4 : AgroParisTech, INRA Micalis, Paris, France.
Source International Journal Of Food Microbiology (0168-1605) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2015-11 , Vol. 213 , P. 79-87
DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.05.005
WOS© Times Cited 49
Note Special Issue: FoodMicro 2014, 24th International ICFMH Conference, From single cells to functions of consortia in food microbiology, 1 - 4 September, 2014, Nantes, France.
Keyword(s) Biopreservation, Lactic acid bacteria, Sensory analysis, Seafood products, Microbial ecosystem, Pyrosequencing
Abstract Biopreservation is a natural technology of food preservation, which consists of inoculating food with microorganisms selected for their antibacterial properties. The objective of this study was to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to improve the quality of cold-smoked salmon (CSS). In this work, different strains representative of the 4 dominant species, identified in a previous study by pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA gene, were isolated and their spoiling potential in CSS blocks, sterilized by ionization, was assessed by twelve trained panelists along the vacuum storage at 8 °C . Photobacterium phosphoreum, Brochothrix thermosphacta and Serratia proteamaculans released strong off-odors whereas the spoiling potential of Carnobacterium divergens was weaker. The spoiling capacity of Lactococcus piscium EU2241, Leuconostoc gelidum EU2247, Lactobacillus sakei EU2885, Staphylococcus equorum S030674 and 4 commercial starters was tested by the same method and 2 strains were eliminated due to off-odor production. The effect of the 6 selected LAB against the 4 specific spoiling organisms (SSOs) selected was tested by challenge tests in sterile CSS blocks. The protective effect of the LAB differed from one SSO to another and no correlation could be established between the sensory improvement, SSO inhibition, and the implantation or acidification of protective cultures (PCs). All the PCs except L. piscium reduced the off-odors released by P. phosphoreum although some of them had no effect on its growth. S. equorum, which did not grow in CSS, favored the implantation of P. phosphoreum but prevented its off-odor formation. L. piscium was the only strain that prevented the spoilage of B. thermosphacta and S. proteamaculans although it did not grow very well and did not acidify the product. L. gelidum EU2247 inhibited the growth of these 2 SSOs and lowered the pH but had no effect on the sensory quality. Finally, L. piscium was tested in 2 naturally contaminated products, with a positive effect on 1 batch. This effect was not correlated with the microbial ecosystem as determined by acultural and cultural techniques. Based on these results, the selection strategy is discussed.
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