FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Analysis and Interpretation of Frequency–Wavenumber Spectra of Young Wind Waves BT AF LECKLER, Fabien ARDHUIN, Fabrice PEUREUX, Charles BENETAZZO, Alvise BERGAMASCO, Filippo DULOV, Vladimir AS 1:1;2:2,3;3:2,3;4:4;5:5;6:6; FF 1:PDG-ODE-LOS;2:;3:PDG-ODE-LPO;4:;5:;6:; C1 Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, Brest, France. IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, Plouzane, France. UMR 6523 CNRS IFREMER IRD UBO, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. Natl Res Council CNR ISMAR, Inst Marine Sci, Venice, Italy. Univ Ca Foscari Venezia, Venice, Italy. Inst Marine Hydrophys, Sebastopol, Russia. C2 SHOM, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE CNRS, FRANCE IAMC CNR, ITALY UNIV CA FOSCARI VENEZIA, ITALY INST MARINE HYDROPHYS, RUSSIA SI BREST SE PDG-ODE-LOS PDG-ODE-LPO UM LOPS IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018 copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-int-hors-europe IF 3.026 TC 57 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00284/39524/38017.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Circulation;Dynamics;Waves;oceanic;Observational techniques and algorithms;Remote sensing AB The energy level and its directional distribution are key observations for understanding the energy balance in the wind-wave spectrum between wind-wave generation, nonlinear interactions, and dissipation. Here, properties of gravity waves are investigated from a fixed platform in the Black Sea, equipped with a stereo video system that resolves waves with frequency f up to 1.4 Hz and wavelengths from 0.6 to 11 m. One representative record is analyzed, corresponding to young wind waves with a peak frequency fp = 0.33 Hz and a wind speed of 13 m s−1. These measurements allow for a separation of the linear waves from the bound second-order harmonics. These harmonics are negligible for frequencies f up to 3 times fp but account for most of the energy at higher frequencies. The full spectrum is well described by a combination of linear components and the second-order spectrum. In the range 2fp to 4fp, the full frequency spectrum decays like f−5, which means a steeper decay of the linear spectrum. The directional spectrum exhibits a very pronounced bimodal distribution, with two peaks on either side of the wind direction, separated by 150° at 4fp. This large separation is associated with a significant amount of energy traveling in opposite directions and thus sources of underwater acoustic and seismic noise. The magnitude of these sources can be quantified by the overlap integral I(f), which is found to increase sharply from less than 0.01 at f = 2fp to 0.11 at f = 4fp and possibly up to 0.2 at f = 5fp, close to the 0.5π value proposed in previous studies. PY 2015 PD OCT SO Journal Of Physical Oceanography SN 0022-3670 PU Amer Meteorological Soc VL 45 IS 10 UT 000362415900003 BP 2484 EP 2496 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0237.1 ID 39524 ER EF