FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Combining Argo profiles with a general circulation model in the North Atlantic. Part 2: Realistic transports and improved hydrography, between spring 2002 and spring 2003 BT AF FORGET, Gael MERCIER, Herle FERRON, Bruno AS 1:1,3;2:2,3;3:2,3; FF 1:;2:;3:; C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CNRS Ifremer UBO, UMR 6523, Lab Phys Oceans, F-29280 Plouzane, France. C2 MIT, USA CNRS, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-DOP-DCB-OPS-LPO IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018 copubli-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 2.225 TC 13 TU Centre national de la recherche scientifique Institut de recherche pour le développement Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer Université de Bretagne Occidentale UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-3920.pdf LA English DT Article CR OVIDE 1 BO Thalassa DE ;General circulation model;Argo;In situ observations;4DVAR;Data assimilation AB A set of Argo profiles collected in the North Atlantic between May 2002 and April 2003 is combined with a low-resolution general circulation model (GCM) using the adjoint method. Fitting the real hydrographic observations leads to vast improvements in the model circulation., including the sea surface height and the meridional heat transport. We find striking differences in basin-scale transports compared with previous assimilation experiments that use the same GCM and a similar spatial resolution. Based on forward modeling studies, it is argued that these differences are due to different assimilation experiment durations. Over 1 year, the hydrography interpolated with the GCM from Argo profiles better represents the contemporary structures than does a long-term averaged climatology. The GCM dynamics are robust enough to distinguish between contemporary hydrography and climatological hydrography. PY 2008 SO Ocean Modelling SN 1463-5003 PU Elsevier VL 20 IS 1 UT 000253019300002 BP 17 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.06.002 ID 3920 ER EF