FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Instrumental Learning and Sustainability Indicators: Outputs from Co-Construction Experiments in West African Biosphere Reserves BT AF LEVREL, Harold BOUAMRANE, M AS 1:;2:; FF 1:PDG-DOP-DCB-EM;2:; C2 IFREMER, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-DOP-DCB-EM IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018 IF 2.855 TC 10 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-5290.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Local knowledge;Instrumental learning;Interaction indicators;Integrated natural resource management;Biosphere reserves AB Co-adaptive management of biodiversity is largely based on a collective learning process. This collective learning concerns "instrumental policy learning," "social policy learning," and " political learning." This paper focuses on instrumental policy learning that has been launched in four West African biosphere reserves. It is based on a MAB-UNESCO/UNEP-GEF programme concerning the co-construction of interaction indicators (between development and conservation), inspired by the Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) methodology. Using this process, we were able to test conventional Pressure-State-Response indicators, highlight their limitations, and develop new indicators starting from stakeholders' stories and perceptions. These new indicators can also be tested through collective restitutions and simulations. We also discuss: a proposed framework for producing interaction indicators that are relevant to all stakeholders and enjoy a certain legitimacy; the importance of an ecosystem services approach to support discussions on biodiversity conservation; opportunities for using the indicators in an interactive, decentralized way at the ecosystem scale through simulation models; the costs of collecting, processing, and maintaining these interaction indicators, and how these costs may be offset using local knowledge. PY 2008 PD DEC SO Ecology and Society SN 1708-3087 PU Ecology and Society VL 13 IS 1 UT 000261176100007 ID 5290 ER EF