TY - JOUR T1 - Diel changes in acoustic and catch estimates of krill biomass A1 - Simard,Yvan A1 - Sourisseau,Marc AD - Univ Quebec, Inst Marine Sci, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. AD - Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. AD - IFREMER, Ctr Brest, DYNECO, F-29280 Plouzane, France. UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6591/ DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fsp055 KW - Thysanoessa raschi KW - Target strength KW - Strobe light KW - St Lawrence Estuary KW - Meganyctiphanes norvegica KW - Krill KW - In situ orientation KW - Feeding KW - Diel vertical migration KW - Avoidance N2 - Krill-biomass estimates can be compromised by diel variabilities in acoustic backscatter and the catch efficiencies of various nets. This paper describes an effort to quantify these variabilities at fine temporal and spatial scales during a three-day experiment at a fixed location, using high-resolution, stratified Bioness samples and echo-integration, and assuming a fixed distribution of krill orientations. Night-time catches in the krill scattering layer (SL) were 15 times the acoustic estimates. The situation was reversed during daytime, when the acoustic estimates in the SL were 5 times larger than the catches. This collectively resulted in a ±10-dB gradual diel cycle in the difference of vertically integrated biomass from both sampling methods. Use of a strobe light on the Bioness reduced avoidance of the net by krill and significantly increased (x10) daytime catches in the SL, but had no significant effect on night-time catches. The difference in volume-backscattering strength at 120 and 38 kHz ({Delta}Sv120–38) in the densest parts of the SL agreed with predictions using a target-strength (TS) model and an assumed normal distribution of tilt (mean {theta} = 11°; s.d. = 4°). The {Delta}Sv120–38 was smaller for lower densities and during night-time. It appears that the {theta} and, therefore, TS distributions of krill significantly change during their diel vertical migrations. At twilight and at night, when they are feeding and swimming vertically, they exhibit lower mean TS and {Delta}Sv120–38 and react less to strong strobe-light pulses, in contrast to daytime. Diel patterns in TS and net avoidance should be taken into account in krill-biomass assessments that use round the clock acoustic-survey data and multi-frequency TS models for target classification. Y1 - 2009/07 PB - Oxford university press JF - ICES Journal of Marine Science SN - 1054-3139 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 1318 EP - 1325 ID - 6591 ER -