FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Cultivating the uncultured: limits, advances and future challenges BT AF ALAIN, Karine QUERELLOU, Joel AS 1:2;2:1; FF 1:;2:PDG-DOP-DCB-EEP-LMEE; C1 IFREMER, Lab Microbiol Environm Extremes, UMR6197, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France. IUEM, Lab Microbiol Environm Extremes, UMR6197, F-29280 Plouzane, France. C2 IFREMER, FRANCE UBO, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-DOP-DCB-EEP-LMEE IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018 copubli-france copubli-univ-france IF 2 TC 141 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6820.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;High throughput cultivation;Cell cell communication;Microbial community;Metabolism;Isolation;Culture AB Since the invention of the Petri dish, there have been continuous efforts to improve efficiency in microbial cultivation. These efforts were devoted to the attainment for diverse growth conditions, simulation of in situ conditions and achievement of high-throughput rates. As a result, prokaryotes catalysing novel redox reactions as well as representatives of abundant, but not-yet cultured taxa, were isolated. Significant insights into microbial physiology have been made by studying the small number of prokaryotes already cultured. However, despite these numerous breakthroughs, microbial cultivation is still a low-throughput process. The main hindrance to cultivation is likely due to the prevailing lack of knowledge on targeted species. In this review, we focus on the limiting factors surrounding cultivation. We discuss several cultivation obstacles, including the loss of microbial cell-cell communication following species isolation. Future research directions, including the refinement of culture media, strategies based on cell-cell communication and high-throughput innovations, are reviewed. We further propose that a combination of these approaches is urgently required to promote cultivation of uncultured species, thereby dawning a new era in the field. PY 2009 PD JUN SO Extremophiles SN 1431-0651 PU Springer VL 13 IS 4 UT 000267781200002 BP 583 EP 594 DI 10.1007/s00792-009-0261-3 ID 6820 ER EF