FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments
BT 
AF BARNES, David K. A.
   GALGANI, Francois
   THOMPSON, Richard C.
   BARLAZ, Morton
AS 1:1;2:2;3:3;4:4;
FF 1:;2:PDG-DOP-LER-LERPAC;3:;4:;
C1 NERC, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 OET, England.
   IFREMER, Ctr Mediterranee, Prov Azur Corse LER PAC, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France.
   Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
C2 NERC, UK
   IFREMER, FRANCE
   UNIV PLYMOUTH, UK
   UNIV N CAROLINA, USA
SI CORSE
SE PDG-DOP-LER-LERPAC
IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018
   copubli-europe
   copubli-int-hors-europe
IF 5.117
TC 2373
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6952.pdf
LA English
DT Article
CR CYATOX
   MEDITS 2005
   MEDITS 2006
   MEDITS 2007
   MEDITS 2008
   MEDITS 2009
BO Le Suroît
   L'Europe
DE ;Microplastic;Landfill;Plastic production;Marine debris;Persistent organic pollutants
AB One of the most ubiquitous and long-lasting recent changes to the surface of our planet is the accumulation and fragmentation of plastics. Within just a few decades since mass production of plastic products commenced in the 1950s, plastic debris has accumulated in terrestrial environments, in the open ocean, on shorelines of even the most remote islands and in the deep sea. Annual clean-up operations, costing millions of pounds sterling, are now organized in many countries and on every continent. Here we document global plastics production and the accumulation of plastic waste. While plastics typically constitute approximately 10 per cent of discarded waste, they represent a much greater proportion of the debris accumulating on shorelines. Mega- and macro-plastics have accumulated in the highest densities in the Northern Hemisphere, adjacent to urban centres, in enclosed seas and at water convergences ( fronts). We report lower densities on remote island shores, on the continental shelf seabed and the lowest densities (but still a documented presence) in the deep sea and Southern Ocean. The longevity of plastic is estimated to be hundreds to thousands of years, but is likely to be far longer in deep sea and non-surface polar environments. Plastic debris poses considerable threat by choking and starving wildlife, distributing non-native and potentially harmful organisms, absorbing toxic chemicals and degrading to micro-plastics that may subsequently be ingested. Well-established annual surveys on coasts and at sea have shown that trends in mega- and macro-plastic accumulation rates are no longer uniformly increasing: rather stable, increasing and decreasing trends have all been reported. The average size of plastic particles in the environment seems to be decreasing, and the abundance and global distribution of micro-plastic fragments have increased over the last few decades. However, the environmental consequences of such microscopic debris are still poorly understood.
PY 2009
PD JUN
SO Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
SN 0962-8436
PU The Royal Society
VL 364
IS 1526
UT 000267281600004
BP 1985
EP 1998
DI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0205
ID 6952
ER

EF