The SMOS Mission: New Tool for Monitoring Key Elements of the Global Water Cycle
| Type | Article | ||||||||
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| Date | 2010-05 | ||||||||
| Language | English | ||||||||
| Author(s) | Kerr Yann H.1, Waldteufel Philippe2, Wigneron Jean-Pierre3, Delwart Steven4, Cabot Francois1, Boutin Jacqueline5, Escorihuela Maria-Jose6, Font Jordi7, Reul Nicolas 8, Gruhier Claire1, Juglea Silvia Enache1, Drinkwater Mark R.4, Hahne Achim4, Martin-Neira Manuel4, Mecklenburg Susanne9 |
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| Affiliation(s) | 1 : Univ Toulouse, CESBIO CNES, F-31401 Toulouse 09, France. 2 : IPSL LATMOS, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. 3 : INRA EPHYSE, F-33883 Bordeaux, France. 4 : ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. 5 : IPSL LOCEAN, F-75252 Paris, France. 6 : IsardSAT, Barcelona 08031, Spain. 7 : CSIC, ICM, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. 8 : IFREMER, F-29280 Plouzane, France. 9 : ESA ESRIN, I-0044 Rome, Italy. |
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| Source | Proceedings of the IEEE (0018-9219) (IEEE), 2010-05 , Vol. 98 , N. 5 , P. 666-687 | ||||||||
| DOI | 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2043032 | ||||||||
| WOS© Times Cited | 1153 | ||||||||
| Keyword(s) | Interferometry, L-band, sea surface salinity (SSS), soil moisture, Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), vegetation water content | ||||||||
| Abstract | It is now well understood that data on soil moisture and sea surface salinity (SSS) are required to improve meteorological and climate predictions. These two quantities are not yet available globally or with adequate temporal or spatial sampling. It is recognized that a spaceborne L-band radiometer with a suitable antenna is the most promising way of fulfilling this gap. With these scientific objectives and technical solution at the heart of a proposed mission concept the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission as its second Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission. The development of the SMOS mission was led by ESA in collaboration with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI) in Spain. SMOS carries a single payload, an L-Band 2-D interferometric radiometer operating in the 1400-1427-MHz protected band [1]. The instrument receives the radiation emitted from Earth's surface, which can then be related to the moisture content in the first few centimeters of soil over land, and to salinity in the surface waters of the oceans. SMOS will achieve an unprecedented maximum spatial resolution of 50 km at L-band over land (43 km on average over the field of view), providing multiangular dual polarized (or fully polarized) brightness temperatures over the globe. SMOS has a revisit time of less than 3 days so as to retrieve soil moisture and ocean salinity data, meeting the mission's science objectives. The caveat in relation to its sampling requirements is that SMOS will have a somewhat reduced sensitivity when compared to conventional radiometers. The SMOS satellite was launched successfully on November 2, 2009. | ||||||||
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