FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Combined oral toxicity of azaspiracid-1 and yessotoxin in female NMRI mice BT AF AASEN, John A. B. ESPENES, Arild MILES, Christopher O. SAMDAL, Ingunn A. HESS, Philipp AUNE, Tore AS 1:1;2:2;3:3,4;4:3;5:5,6;6:1; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:PDG-ODE-LITTORAL-PHYC;6:; C1 Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Food Safety & Infect Biol, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Norwegian Vet Inst, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway. AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. Inst Marine, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland. IFREMER, Dept Environm Microbiol & Phycotoxins, F-44311 Nantes 03, France. C2 NVH, NORWAY NVH, NORWAY NORWEGIAN VET INST, NORWAY AGRESEARCH LTD, NEW ZEALAND INST MARINE, IRELAND IFREMER, FRANCE SI NANTES SE PDG-ODE-LITTORAL-PHYC IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018 copubli-europe copubli-int-hors-europe IF 2.508 TC 19 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00034/14477/11776.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Azaspiracid-1;AZA1;Yessotoxin;YTX;Marine algal toxins;Absorption;Pathology;Sublethal;NMRI;Mice;LC-MS/MS;oral toxicity AB For many years, the presence of yessotoxins (YTXs) in shellfish has contributed to the outcome of the traditional mouse bioassay and has on many occasions caused closure of shellfisheries. Since YTXs do not appear to cause diarrhoea in man and exert low oral toxicity in animal experiments, it has been suggested that they should be removed from regulation. Before doing so, it is important to determine whether the oral toxicity of YTXs is enhanced when present together with shellfish toxins known to cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, mice were given high doses of YTX, at 1 or 5 mg/kg body weight, either alone or together with azaspiracid-1 (AZA1) at 200 μg/kg. The latter has been shown to induce damage to the small intestine at this level. The combined exposure caused no clinical effects, and no pathological changes were observed in internal organs. These results correspond well with the very low levels of YTX detected in internal organs by means of LC-MS/MS and ELISA after dosing. Indeed, the very low absorption of YTX when given alone remained largely unchanged when YTX was administered in combination with AZA1. Thus, the oral toxicity of YTX is not enhanced in the presence of sub-lethal levels of AZA1. PY 2011 PD MAY SO Toxicon SN 0041-0101 PU Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd VL 57 IS 6 UT 000290696900010 BP 909 EP 917 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.03.014 ID 14477 ER EF