FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Analytical Techniques for the Doppler Signature of Sea Surfaces in the Microwave Regime-II: Nonlinear Surfaces BT AF NOUGUIER, Frederic GUERIN, Charles-Antoine SORIANO, Gabriel AS 1:1;2:3;3:2; FF 1:PDG-ODE-LOS;2:;3:; C1 IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Univ Aix Marseille 3, Inst Fresnel, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Unite Mixte Rech 6133, F-13013 Marseille, France. Univ Sud Toulon Var, Lab Sondages Electromagnet Environm Terr, Geosci & Remote Sensing Dept, Ctr Natl Rech Sci,Unite Mixte Rech 6017, F-83957 La Garde, France. C2 IFREMER, FRANCE UNIV AIX MARSEILLE, FRANCE UNIV TOULON, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-ODE-LOS IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018 copubli-france copubli-univ-france IF 2.895 TC 35 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00054/16555/14380.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;Doppler spectrum;microwave;nonlinear gravity waves;remote sensing;rough surfaces;scattering;sea surface AB This paper extends the results of a previous work by combining hydrodynamic and electromagnetic analytical models for the simulation of the ocean Doppler spectrum at microwave frequencies. We consider weakly nonlinear sea surfaces after the choppy wave model and incorporate them in classical and unified scattering models, namely, the Kirchhoff and weighted curvature approximations. We show that statistical expressions can be obtained for the Doppler spectrum in a way similar to the case of linear surfaces. As expected, the nonlinear nature of the sea surface dramatically impacts the Doppler spectrum at moderate to large incidence angles, with a shift of the central frequency and a broadening of the spectrum. Monte Carlo comparisons are performed with the Creamer model, which is frequently used to describe weakly nonlinear sea surfaces but does not enjoy a statistical formulation for the Doppler characteristics. The same qualitative behavior is found but some quantitative differences are found and discussed. PY 2011 PD DEC SO Ieee Transactions On Geoscience And Remote Sensing SN 0196-2892 PU Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc VL 49 IS 12 UT 000297281500023 BP 4920 EP 4927 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2153207 ID 16555 ER EF