FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Macroevolution of venom apparatus innovations in auger snails (Gastropoda; Conoidea; Terebridae) BT AF CASTELIN, M. PUILLANDRE, Nicolas KANTOR, Yu. I. MODICA, M. V. TERRYN, Y. CRUAUD, C. BOUCHET, P. HOLFORD, M. AS 1:1,2,3,4;2:4,5;3:6;4:1,2,3;5:7;6:8;7:9;8:1,2,3; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:; C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10065 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 7138, Dept Systemat & Evolut, F-75231 Paris, France. Atheris Labs, CH-1233 Bernex Geneva, Switzerland. Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. NaturalArt, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Ctr Natl Sequencage, GENOSCOPE, F-91057 Evry, France. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Departement Systematique et Evolution, 55, Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, France C2 UNIV CITY NEW YORK, USA UNIV CITY NEW YORK, USA MNHN (USA), USA MNHN, FRANCE ATHERIS LABS, SWITZERLAND RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, RUSSIA NATURALART, BELGIUM GENOSCOPE, FRANCE MNHN, FRANCE IF 4.07 TC 36 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00140/25117/82434.pdf LA English DT Article CR ATIMO VATAE SANTO 2006 TARASOC BO Antea Alis DE ;Character evolution;Key innovations;Predator-prey system;Radula;Teretoxins;Peptide toxins AB The Terebridae are a diverse family of tropical and subtropical marine gastropods that use a complex and modular venom apparatus to produce toxins that capture polychaete and enteropneust preys. The complexity of the terebrid venom apparatus suggests that venom apparatus development in the Terebridae could be linked to the diversification of the group and can be analyzed within a molecular phylogenetic scaffold to better understand terebrid evolution. Presented here is a molecular phylogeny of 89 terebrid species belonging to 12 of the 15 currently accepted genera, based on Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses of amplicons of 3 mitochondrial (COI, 16S and 12S) and one nuclear (28S) genes. The evolution of the anatomy of the terebrid venom apparatus was assessed by mapping traits of six related characters: proboscis, venom gland, odontophore, accessory proboscis structure, radula, and salivary glands. A novel result concerning terebrid phylogeny was the discovery of a previously unrecognized lineage, which includes species of Euterebra and Duplicaria. The non-monophyly of most terebrid genera analyzed indicates that the current genus-level classification of the group is plagued with homoplasy and requires further taxonomic investigations. Foregut anatomy in the family Terebridae reveals an inordinate diversity of features that covers the range of variability within the entire superfamily Conoidea, and that hypodermic radulae have likely evolved independently on at least three occasions. These findings illustrate that terebrid venom apparatus evolution is not perfunctory, and involves independent and numerous changes of central features in the foregut anatomy. The multiple emergence of hypodermic marginal radular teeth in terebrids are presumably associated with variable functionalities, suggesting that terebrids have adapted to dietary changes that may have resulted from predator–prey relationships. The anatomical and phylogenetic results presented serve as a starting point to advance investigations about the role of predator–prey interactions in the diversification of the Terebridae and the impact on their peptide toxins, which are promising bioactive compounds for biomedical research and therapeutic drug development. PY 2012 PD JUN SO Molecular Phylogenetics And Evolution SN 1055-7903 PU Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science VL 64 IS 1 UT 000305035600003 BP 21 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.001 ID 25117 ER EF