Ontogeny and water temperature influences the antiviral response of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Type Article
Date 2014-01
Language English
Author(s) Green Timothy1, 2, Montagnani CarolineORCID3, Benkendorff Kirsten4, Robinson Nick1, 2, 5, Speck Peter1, 2
Affiliation(s) 1 : Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
2 : Flinders Univ S Australia, Australian Seafood Cooperat Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
3 : Univ Montpellier 2, IFREMER, UMR Ecol Coastal Marine Syst 5119, F-30495 Montpellier 05, France.
4 : So Cross Univ, Marine Ecol Res Ctr, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
5 : Nofima, N-1431 As, Norway.
Source Fish & Shellfish Immunology (1050-4648) (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd), 2014-01 , Vol. 36 , N. 1 , P. 151-157
DOI 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.026
WOS© Times Cited 65
Keyword(s) Crassostrea, OsHV-1, Water temperature, Antiviral response, Herpesvirus
Abstract Disease is caused by a complex interaction between the pathogen, environment, and the physiological status of the host. Determining how host ontogeny interacts with water temperature to influence the antiviral response of the Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, is a major goal in understanding why juvenile Pacific oysters are dying during summer as a result of the global emergence of a new genotype of the Ostreid herpesvirus, termed OsHV-1 μvar. We measured the effect of temperature (12 vs 22 °C) on the antiviral response of adult and juvenile C. gigas injected with poly I:C. Poly I:C up-regulated the expression of numerous immune genes, including TLR, MyD88, IκB-1, Rel, IRF, MDA5, STING, SOC, PKR, Viperin and Mpeg1. At 22 °C, these immune genes showed significant up-regulation in juvenile and adult oysters, but the majority of these genes were up-regulated 12 h post-injection for juveniles compared to 26 h for adults. At 12 °C, the response of these genes was completely inhibited in juveniles and delayed in adults. Temperature and age had no effect on hemolymph antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). These results suggest that oysters rely on a cellular response to minimise viral replication, involving recognition of virus-associated molecular patterns to induce host cells into an antiviral state, as opposed to producing broad-spectrum antiviral compounds. This cellular response, measured by antiviral gene expression of circulating hemocytes, was influenced by temperature and oyster age. We speculate whether the vigorous antiviral response of juveniles at 22 °C results in an immune-mediated disorder causing mortality.
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