FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Biodiversity offsets for offshore wind farm projects: The current situation in Europe
BT 
AF VAISSIERE, Anne-Charlotte
   LEVREL, Harold
   PIOCH, Sylvain
   CARLIER, Antoine
AS 1:1;2:1;3:2;4:3;
FF 1:PDG-RBE-EM;2:PDG-RBE-EM;3:;4:PDG-ODE-DYNECO-BENTHOS;
C1 IFREMER, UMR AMURE, Marine Econ Unit, ZI Pointe Diable,CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
   Univ Montpellier 3, CNRS UPV, UMR CEFE 5175, F-34199 Montpellier 5, France.
   IFREMER, DYNECO Ecol Benth, ZI Pointe Diable, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
C2 IFREMER, FRANCE
   UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE
   IFREMER, FRANCE
SI BREST
SE PDG-RBE-EM
   PDG-ODE-DYNECO-BENTHOS
IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018
   copubli-france
   copubli-univ-france
IF 2.453
TC 36
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00187/29834/28312.pdf
LA English
DT Article
DE ;Mitigation hierarchy;Offshore wind farms;EIA
AB The European Union׳s energy policy aims to increase the proportion of energy derived from renewable sources in Europe. Marine renewable energy, offshore wind energy especially, contributes to the renewable energy mix. Offshore wind farms appear to be clean, and are supported by governments and NGOs as a way to reduce the use of conventional energy resources and thus decrease greenhouse gas emissions. However, developing infrastructure in marine areas can impact marine ecosystems. European directives ask offshore wind farm developers to carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) including a mitigation hierarchy, i.e. envisaging measures that would avoid, reduce, and if possible offset significant adverse effects on ecosystems and human activities. This paper reviews EIA reports from seven European countries and is focused on impacts on the open water marine environment. According to the reports, measures have been taken for avoiding and reducing impacts, so there should be no significant negative residual impacts and hence no need of offsets. But the mitigation hierarchy for ecological impacts seems to have been incompletely implemented, because it is unlikely that there are no significant residual impacts. The paper proposes some technical and ecological explanations, followed by some governance and social explanations, for the absence of biodiversity offsets.
PY 2014
PD SEP
SO Marine Policy
SN 0308-597X
PU Elsevier Sci Ltd
VL 48
UT 000336697000020
BP 172
EP 183
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.03.023
ID 29834
ER

EF