FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI The 2.1 Ga Old Francevillian Biota: Biogenicity, Taphonomy and Biodiversity BT AF EL ALBANI, Abderrazak BENGTSON, Stefan CANFIELD, Donald E. RIBOULLEAU, Armelle BARD, Claire Rollion MACCHIARELLI, Roberto PEMBA, Lauriss Ngombi HAMMARLUND, Emma MEUNIER, Alain MOUELE, Idalina Moubiya BENZERARA, Karim BERNARD, Sylvain BOULVAIS, Philippe CHAUSSIDON, Marc CESARI, Christian FONTAINE, Claude CHI-FRU, Ernest GARCIA RUIZ, Juan Manuel GAUTHIER-LAFAYE, Francois MAZURIER, Arnaud PIERSON-WICKMANN, Anne Catherine ROUXEL, Olivier TRENTESAUX, Alain VECOLI, Marco VERSTEEGH, Gerard J. M. WHITE, Lee WHITEHOUSE, Martin BEKKER, Andrey AS 1:1;2:2;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:6,7;7:1;8:2,3;9:1;10:1;11:8;12:8;13:9;14:5;15:4;16:1;17:10;18:11;19:12;20:13;21:9;22:14;23:4;24:4;25:15;26:16;27:17,18;28:19; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:PDG-REM-GM-LGM;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:; C1 Univ Poitiers, CNRS INSU, UMR 7285, Inst IC2MP, Poitiers, France. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeozool, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Nord Ctr Earth Evolut, Odense M, Denmark. Univ Lille 1, CNRS, UMR 8217, Lab Geosyst, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. CNRS, UMR 7358, Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Univ Poitiers, Dept Geosci, Poitiers, France. Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, UMR 7194, Dept Prehist, Paris, France. Univ Paris 04, IMPMC, UMR 7590, MNHN,UPMC,IRD UMR 206, Paris, France. Univ Rennes, UMR 6118, Dept Geosci, Rennes, France. Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Granada, CSIC, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Granada 18100, Spain. CNRS, UMR 7517, Lab Hydrol & Geochim Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. CRI Biopole, Soc Etud Rech Mat, Poitiers, France. IFREMER, Dept Phys Resources & Deep Sea Ecosyst Technopole, Plouzane, France. Marum Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Bremen, Germany. Agence Natl Parcs Nationaux, Libreville, Gabon. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Lab Isotope Geol, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Nord Ctr Earth Evolut, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. C2 UNIV POITIERS, FRANCE MNH SWEDEN, SWEDEN NORDCEE, DENMARK UNIV LILLE, FRANCE CNRS, FRANCE UNIV POITIERS, FRANCE MNHN, FRANCE UNIV PARIS 04, FRANCE UNIV RENNES, FRANCE UNIV STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN UNIV GRANADA, SPAIN CNRS, FRANCE CRI BIOPOLE, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE UNIV BREMEN MARUM, GERMANY AGENCE NATL PARCS NATIONAUX, GABON MNH SWEDEN, SWEDEN MNH SWEDEN, SWEDEN UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, USA SI BREST AUTRE SE PDG-REM-GM-LGM AUTRE IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018 copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe copubli-sud IF 3.234 TC 52 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00202/31356/29754.pdf LA English DT Article AB The Paleoproterozoic Era witnessed crucial steps in the evolution of Earth's surface environments following the first appreciable rise of free atmospheric oxygen concentrations similar to 2.3 to 2.1 Ga ago, and concomitant shallow ocean oxygenation. While most sedimentary successions deposited during this time interval have experienced thermal overprinting from burial diagenesis and metamorphism, the ca. 2.1 Ga black shales of the Francevillian B Formation (FB2) cropping out in southeastern Gabon have not. The Francevillian Formation contains centimeter-sized structures interpreted as organized and spatially discrete populations of colonial organisms living in an oxygenated marine ecosystem. Here, new material from the FB2 black shales is presented and analyzed to further explore its biogenicity and taphonomy. Our extended record comprises variably sized, shaped, and structured pyritized macrofossils of lobate, elongated, and rodshaped morphologies as well as abundant non-pyritized disk-shaped macrofossils and organic-walled acritarchs. Combined microtomography, geochemistry, and sedimentary analysis suggest a biota fossilized during early diagenesis. The emergence of this biota follows a rise in atmospheric oxygen, which is consistent with the idea that surface oxygenation allowed the evolution and ecological expansion of complex megascopic life. PY 2014 PD JUL SO Plos One SN 1932-6203 PU Public Library Science VL 9 IS 6 UT 000338709500010 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0099438 ID 31356 ER EF