FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide BT AF LE QUERE, Corinne RAUPACH, Michael R. CANADELL, Josep G. MARLAND, Gregg BOPP, Laurent CIAIS, Philippe CONWAY, Thomas J. DONEY, Scott C. FEELY, Richard A. FOSTER, Pru FRIEDLINGSTEIN, Pierre GURNEY, Kevin HOUGHTON, Richard A. HOUSE, Joanna I. HUNTINGFORD, Chris LEVY, Peter E. LOMAS, Mark R. MAJKUT, Joseph METZL, Nicolas OMETTO, Jean P. PETERS, Glen P. PRENTICE, I. Colin RANDERSON, James T. RUNNING, Steven W. SARMIENTO, Jorge L. SCHUSTER, Ute SITCH, Stephen TAKAHASHI, Taro VIOVY, Nicolas VAN DER WERF, Guido R. WOODWARD, F. Ian AS 1:1,2;2:3;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:5;7:6;8:7;9:8;10:9;11:5,9;12:10,11;13:12;14:9;15:13;16:14;17:15;18:16;19:17;20:18;21:19;22:9;23:20;24:21;25:16;26:1;27:22;28:23;29:5;30:24;31:15; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:; C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge BC3 0ET, England. CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm,UMR 1572, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, QUEST, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TH, S Yorkshire, England. Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, F-75252 Paris 5, France. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10964 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. C2 UNIV E ANGLIA, UK BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY, UK CSIRO, AUSTRALIA ORNL, USA UNIV VERSAILLES, FRANCE NOAA, USA WHOI, USA NOAA, USA UNIV BRISTOL, UK UNIV PURDUE, USA UNIV PURDUE, USA WHOI, USA CEH, UK CEH, UK UNIV SHEFFIELD, UK UNIV PRINCETON, USA IPSL, FRANCE INPE, BRAZIL CICERO, NORWAY UNIV CALIF IRVINE, USA UNIV MONTANA, USA UNIV LEEDS, UK UNIV COLUMBIA, USA UNIV VRIJE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS IF 8.108 TC 1370 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00218/32907/31397.pdf LA English DT Article CR OISO 8 OISO1 OISO2 OISO3-NIVMER98 OISO4 (VT 46) OISO5 (VT 49) VT 51 / OISO 6 VT 57 / OISO 9 VT 60 / CARAUS - OISO 10 VT 62 / CARAUS - OISO 11 VT 79 / OISO 12 VT 80 / OISO 13 VT 81 / OISO 14 VT 85 / OISO 15 VT 94 / OISO 16 BO Marion Dufresne AB Efforts to control climate change require the stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This can only be achieved through a drastic reduction of global CO2 emissions. Yet fossil fuel emissions increased by 29% between 2000 and 2008, in conjunction with increased contributions from emerging economies, from the production and international trade of goods and services, and from the use of coal as a fuel source. In contrast, emissions from land-use changes were nearly constant. Between 1959 and 2008, 43% of each year's CO2 emissions remained in the atmosphere on average; the rest was absorbed by carbon sinks on land and in the oceans. In the past 50 years, the fraction of CO2 emissions that remains in the atmosphere each year has likely increased, from about 40% to 45%, and models suggest that this trend was caused by a decrease in the uptake of CO2 by the carbon sinks in response to climate change and variability. Changes in the CO2 sinks are highly uncertain, but they could have a significant influence on future atmospheric CO2 levels. It is therefore crucial to reduce the uncertainties. PY 2009 PD DEC SO Nature Geoscience SN 1752-0894 PU Nature Publishing Group VL 2 IS 12 UT 000272239400014 BP 831 EP 836 DI 10.1038/ngeo689 ID 32907 ER EF