TY - JOUR T1 - The Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison Project (ORA-IP) A1 - Balmaseda,M. A. A1 - Hernandez,F. A1 - Storto,A. A1 - Palmer,M. D. A1 - Alves,O. A1 - Shi,L. A1 - Smith,G. C. A1 - Toyoda,T. A1 - Valdivieso,M. A1 - Barnier,B. A1 - Behringer,D. A1 - Boyer,T. A1 - Chang,Y-S. A1 - Chepurin,G. A. A1 - Ferry,N. A1 - Forget,Gael A1 - Fujii,Y. A1 - Good,S. A1 - Guinehut,S. A1 - Haines,K. A1 - Ishikawa,Y. A1 - Keeley,S. A1 - Koehls,A. A1 - Lee,T. A1 - Martin,M. J. A1 - Masina,S. A1 - Masuda,S. A1 - Meyssignac,B. A1 - Mogensen,K. A1 - Parent,L. A1 - Peterson,K. A. A1 - Tang,Y. M. A1 - Yin,Y. A1 - Vernieres,G. A1 - Wang,X. A1 - Waters,J. A1 - Wedd,R. A1 - Wang,O. A1 - Xue,Y. A1 - Chevallier,M. A1 - Lemieux,J-F. A1 - Dupont,F. A1 - Kuragano,T. A1 - Kamachi,M. A1 - Awaji,T. A1 - Caltabiano,A. A1 - Wilmer-Becker,K. A1 - Gaillard,Fabienne AD - European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. AD - IRD, Toulouse, France. AD - Mercator Ocean, Ramonville St Agne, France. AD - Ctr Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici CMCC, Bologna, Italy. AD - Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. AD - Bur Meteorol BOM, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. AD - Environm Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. AD - Japan Meteorol Agcy MRI JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. AD - Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. AD - CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. AD - NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. AD - NOAA, NODC, College Pk, MD USA. AD - NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. AD - Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea. AD - Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. AD - MIT, Program Atmosphere Ocean & Climate, Ramonville St Agne, France. AD - CLS, Ramonville St Agne, France. AD - Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, CEIST, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. AD - Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. AD - CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. AD - Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. AD - JAMSTEC, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change RCGC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. AD - CNES, LEGOS, Toulouse, France. AD - NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. AD - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. AD - CNRS, CNRM GAME, Meteo France, UMR3589, Toulouse, France. AD - State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Int CLIVAR Global Project Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. AD - Met Off, GODAE OceanView Project Off, Exeter, Devon, England. AD - Lab Phys Oceans LPO IFREMER, Paris, France. UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00280/39090/ DO - 10.1080/1755876X.2015.1022329 N2 - Uncertainty in ocean analysis methods and deficiencies in the observing system are major obstacles for the reliable reconstruction of the past ocean climate. The variety of existing ocean reanalyses is exploited in a multi-reanalysis ensemble to improve the ocean state estimation and to gauge uncertainty levels. The ensemble-based analysis of signal-to-noise ratio allows the identification of ocean characteristics for which the estimation is robust (such as tropical mixed-layer-depth, upper ocean heat content), and where large uncertainty exists (deep ocean, Southern Ocean, sea ice thickness, salinity), providing guidance for future enhancement of the observing and data assimilation systems. Y1 - 2015 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd JF - Journal Of Operational Oceanography SN - 1755-876X VL - 8 ID - 39090 ER -