BAR94-27 (5.34 N 94.31 E 2689 m) Indian G. ruber w. (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 289 -1.20 299 -1.37 329 -1.15 338.5 -1.26 348.5 -1.09 358.5 -1.24 369 -1.32 378.5 -1.35 388.5 -1.21 398.5 -1.16 449 -1.19 459 -1.09 489 -1.33 499 -0.98 509 -1.29 519 -1.24 529 -1.40 539 -1.34 549 -1.25 559 -1.23 569 -1.05 579 -1.19 600 -1.23 610 -1.16 620 -1.21 630 -1.34 630 -1.45 CH77-03 (57.93 N 29.10 W 2271 m) Atlantic N. pachy. s. (200-250µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 150 4.24 152.5 4.29 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack CH84-04 (36.77 N 142.22 E 2630 m) Pacific G. bullo Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 420 2.63 430 3.19 440 2.60 450 2.99 460 2.68 470 3.02 480 3.29 490 3.03 500 3.21 Dating depth, cm 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 320 13950 210 420 16000 210 CHO288-54 (17.43 N 77.66 W 1020 m) Atlantic G. ruber w. G. ruber p. Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 -2.06 0 -2.20 2.5 -1.98 2.5 -2.15 5 -2.23 5 -2.22 7.5 -2.10 7.5 -2.09 10 -2.17 10 -2.23 12.5 -2.12 12.5 -2.13 15 -2.14 15 -1.99 17.5 -2.11 17.5 -2.08 17.5 -2.19 20 -2.16 17.5 -2.23 22.5 -2.04 20 -2.00 25 -2.22 22.5 -2.33 27.5 -2.34 22.5 -2.10 27.5 -2.24 25 -2.06 30 -2.38 25 -2.15 30 -2.09 27.5 -2.24 30 -2.25 30 -1.97 30 -2.24 LGM 110 -0.07 110 -0.01 110 -0.04 110 -0.22 110 0.10 Dating Depth (cm) species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 0 G. sacculifer 985 50 10 G. sacculifer 1935 50 25 G. sacculifer 2590 50 25 G. ruber 2720 60 37.5 G. sacculifer 5410 60 107.5 G sacculifer 16300 140 112.5 G sacculifer 16760 140 115 G sacculifer 17670 170 122.5 G sacculifer 18740 150 CS72-37 (36.69 N 12.28 E 1304 m) Mediterranean Sea Ê G. bullo•des (>160 µ) G. ruber (250-315 µ) G. pachy d.(250-315 µ) Chronozone depth ¶18 vs PDB Depth ¶18 vs PDB Depth ¶18 vs PDB LH 6 1.35 5 0.51 11 0.99 12 1.10 11 0.13 29 0.44 18 0.84 23 0.46 24 1.02 29 0.57 30 1.08 35 0.83 LGM 194 3.38 201 2.25 194 2.97 202 3.53 213 2.77 201 3.43 214 3.29 222 3.10 213 3.40 222 3.71 234 3.02 222 3.62 234 3.54 253 0.87 234 3.43 254 3.12 259 2.78 253 2.76 260 3.60 272 2.53 259 3.50 272 3.38 272 3.44 278 3.73 278 3.46 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack DSDP506 (0.60 N 86.1 W 2707 m) Pacific Ê G. ruber Chronozone depth ¶18 vs PDB LGM 115 -0.48 138 -0.39 162 -0.56 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack ENAM97-09 (54.89 N 16.59 W 2452 m) Atlantic Ê N. pachy. s. Chronozone depth ¶18 vs PDB LGM 90 3.74 95 3.89 100 3.86 105 3.76 110 3.94 115 3.96 120 3.90 125 3.93 130 3.70 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack HU75-41 (62.66 N 53.88 W 2381 m) Atlantic Ê N. pachy. s. Chronozone depth ¶18 vs PDB LGM 114 4.90 121 4.81 134 4.82 144 4.67 154 4.87 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack KET80-03 (38.82 N 14.49 E 1900 m) Mediterranean Sea G. bullo Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 195 3.67 200 3.52 205 3.49 210 3.80 215 3.53 220 3.54 200 3.58 210 3.76 215 3.71 220 3.40 Dating upper level lower level 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 150 152 13500 200 190 192 15990 190 240 242 22290 390 KET82-16 (41.52 N 17.98 E 1166 m) Mediterranean Sea G. bulloides (250-315µ) G. ruber Chronozone Depth (cm) d18O Depth (cm) d18O LH 1 1.34 1 0.71 10 1.72 10 0.69 Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê LGM 190 3.94 Ê Ê Ê 210 3.86 Ê Ê Ê 220 3.58 Ê Ê Ê 230 4.10 Ê Ê Ê 240 3.82 Ê Ê Ê 250 3.96 Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Dating Ê Ê Ê depth (cm) 14C age (14C yr BP) C14 Age error (kyr) Ê 10 1.67 0.12 Ê Ê Ê 33 4.42 0.14 Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 169 16.70 0.30 Ê Ê Ê 189 16.30 0.26 Ê Ê Ê MD00-2374 (46.03 S 96.48 E 3250 m) Southern Ocean N. pachy. s. Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 210 4.08 220 3.83 220 3.79 230 4.05 240 3.90 250 3.89 260 4.00 270 3.95 280 3.84 290 3.86 300 3.83 310 3.79 320 3.65 330 3.71 340 3.82 350 3.92 360 3.81 370 3.71 380 3.87 390 3.69 390 3.86 390 3.85 400 3.90 410 3.87 420 3.80 430 3.66 440 3.70 450 3.80 Dating depth, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) 80 G. bullo 11710 155.5 N. pachy s. 15460 + correlation to MD94-103 through magnetic susceptibility MD04-103 dating: Sicre, M. A., et al. (2005), Mid-latitude Southern Indian Ocean response to Northern Hemisphere Heinrich events, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 240, 724-731. MD02-2488 (46.48 S 88.02 E 3420 m) Southern Ocean N. pachy. s. (200-250µ) Chronozone Depth (cm) d18O Ê LH 2 2.52 5 1.95 8 1.78 12 2.06 15 2.12 18 2.65 22 1.71 25 1.73 28 1.73 32 1.74 35 1.70 38 2.03 42 1.85 45 1.87 48 1.79 52 1.85 55 1.92 58 1.44 62 1.70 65 1.88 68 1.70 LGM 430 3.58 435 3.44 440 3.59 445 4.21 450 3.69 455 3.88 460 3.61 465 3.69 470 3.61 475 3.63 480 3.55 485 3.73 490 3.58 495 3.69 500 3.52 505 3.77 510 3.55 515 3.71 520 3.64 525 3.51 530 3.41 535 3.48 540 3.50 545 3.66 550 3.36 555 3.65 560 3.61 565 3.43 Dating Sample nber upper level lower level species Age C14 (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) SacA36510 25 G. bulloides 2195 SacA36520 390 N pachy s. 16730 80 SacA36521 430 N pachy s. 17840 90 SacA36522 480 N pachy s. 18630 80 MD07-3076Q (44.00 S 14.23 W 3770 m) Southern Ocean Ê N. pachy. s. (200-250µ) Chronozone depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 134 4.32 136 3.94 138 4.05 140 3.86 142 4.02 144 4.05 146 4.3 148 4.07 150 3.55 152 4.09 154 3.97 156 3.86 158 3.81 160 3.77 Dating: 14C dating, corrected for variable reservoir age: Skinner, L. C., et al. (2010), Ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean and deglacial CO2 rise, Science, 328, 1147-1151. MD08-3167 (23.32 S 12.38 E 1948 m) Atlantic G. bulloides (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 4 0.57 4 0.08 4 0.39 8 -0.09 12 -0.04 16 -0.01 20 0.03 24 0.05 28 0.32 LGM 320 2.40 320 2.43 320 3.26 320 3.10 320 2.33 324 3.36 324 2.51 324 2.66 324 3.44 328 2.95 332 2.43 336 2.66 340 2.94 344 2.77 348 2.83 352 2.72 356 3.36 360 3.42 364 3.35 368 3.03 372 2.84 376 3.05 376 3.28 376 3.12 380 2.62 380 3.21 380 3.20 380 3.04 380 2.93 384 3.30 388 2.95 392 3.35 396 3.34 398 3.30 Dating Sample nber average level, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) SacA 27990 5.5 G. bulloides 2120 20 Poz-35736 6.5 G. bulloides 2045 30 SacA 27991 8.5 G. bulloides 2380 25 Poz-36840 312.0 G. bulloides 15920 70 SacA 21875 324.5 N. pachyderma d. 16640 50 SacA 21876 344.5 N. pachyderma d. 17220 60 SacA 27998 365.5 N. pachyderma d. 18390 60 SacA 27999 390.5 N. pachyderma d. 19650 70 Poz-36841 420.0 G. bulloides 19630 100 MD09-3257 (4.25 S 36.35 W 2344 m) Atlantic G. ruber w. (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 -1.6 10 -1.8 20 -1.57 LGM 180 -0.27 190 -0.23 200 -0.25 201 -0.19 202 -0.19 203 -0.43 204 -0.29 205 -0.49 206 -0.86 207 -0.9 208 -0.4 209 -0.38 210 -0.54 211 -0.21 212 -0.34 213 -0.16 214 -0.19 215 -0.33 216 -0.45 217 -0.33 218 -0.49 219 -0.44 220 -0.39 221 -0.15 222 -0.3 223 -0.46 Dating Sample nber upper level lower level species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) SacA 31136 0 1 G. ruber 795 30 SacA 31137 40 41 G. ruber 6355 30 SacA 31138 80 81 G. ruber 9985 35 SacA 31139 227 228 G. ruber 20460 70 MD79-256 (19.57 S 37.03 E 1222 m) Indian Ocean G. ruber w. Chronozone depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 -2.15 10 -2.29 20 -2.15 40 -2.09 60 -2.22 LGM 340 -0.60 360 -0.53 380 -0.45 420 -0.42 440 -0.54 460 -0.42 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack MD80-304 (51.07 S 67.73 E 1930 m) Southern Ocean N. pachy. s. (200-250µ) Chronozone Depth (cm) d18O Ê LH 1 2.94 Ê Ê Ê Ê LGM 247 5.07 248 4.97 248 4.65 249 4.98 250 5.07 251 4.91 251 4.69 251 4.93 Ê Ê Dating upper level lower level species Age C14 (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 34 36.5 N. pachyderma s 5730 60 248 250 N. pachyderma s 13910 90 277 279 N. pachyderma s 16500 190 287 288 N. pachyderma s 22480 170 MD80-KK63 (51.93 S 42.88 E 2550 m) Southern Ocean Ê N. pachy. s. (200-250µ) Chronozone depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 306 5.00 311 5.01 313 4.92 316 5.01 317 4.75 319 4.98 328 4.95 338 4.97 341 4.85 348 4.83 353 4.70 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack MD84-641 (33.03 N 32.63 E 1375 m) Mediterranean Sea G. ruber w. (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 85 3.20 90 2.93 95 3.08 100 2.53 Dating Depth, cm 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 75 14800 260 85 17170 270 95 18500 270 105 20900 310 MD88-769 (46.07 S 90.11 E 3420 m) Southern Ocean N. pachy. s. G. bullo. (250-315µ) Chronozone Corrected depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB Corrected depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 60 3.68 62 3.57 62 3.62 65 3.71 65 3.82 67 3.66 67 3.96 70 4.13 70 3.93 70 3.75 72 3.76 72 3.87 75 3.74 77 3.50 77 4.09 77 3.83 80 3.80 82 4.00 82 3.85 82 4.11 85 3.86 87 3.58 87 3.84 Dating Corrected depth, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 47 N. pachyderma s 15400 140 82 N. pachyderma s 19760 180 117 N. pachyderma s 23520 210 MD90-905 (37.74 N 10.17 W 2925 m) Atlantic G. bulloides 250-315 µ Chronozone depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 10 -0.12 20 -0.17 30 0.06 40 -0.46 50 -0.39 LGM 310 1.94 320 1.53 330 1.96 340 1.74 350 1.68 360 1.93 370 1.94 380 1.55 Dating: correlation to AMS dated SU81-18 (same site) through G. bulloides ¶18O MD94-101 (42.50 S 79.42 E 2920 m) Southern Ocean G. bulloides (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 50 2.94 50 2.87 55 2.97 55 2.69 60 2.95 60 3.05 Dating correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack MD94-102 (43.51 S 79.84 E 3205 m) Southern Ocean G. bulloides (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 1 1.85 1 1.32 1 2.30 LGM 80 3.28 85 3.47 90 3.37 90 2.86 95 3.18 100 3.32 Dating Sample nber upper level species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) GifA 96152 0 G. bulloides 5590 70 GifA 96158 75 G. bulloides 15440 110 GifA 96553 75 N. pachyderma s 16930 160 GifA 96160 85 G. bulloides 18150 130 GifA 96554 85 N. pachyderma s 19080 150 GifA 96555 105 N. pachyderma s 21490 180 GifA 96161 115 G. bulloides 29510 320 GifA 96556 115 N. pachyderma s 29340 340 MD95-2009 (62.74 N 3.10 W 1027 m) Atlantic N. pachy. s. (200-250µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 350 4.57 360 4.70 370 4.57 380 4.70 390 4.49 400 4.28 Dating Sample nber depth, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) GifA 97120 330 N. pachyderma s 15490 90 GifA 97121 360 N. pachyderma s 16710 100 GifA 97122 390 N. pachyderma s 18740 120 GifA 97123 430 N. pachyderma s 21980 150 MD95-2037 (37.09 N 32.03 W 2159 m) Atlantic G. bulloides (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 1 0.18 11 0.16 LGM 375 2.31 380 2.27 385 1.86 390 2.18 395 2.03 400 2.08 405 2.01 410 1.90 415 1.67 420 1.90 425 1.85 430 2.02 435 1.62 Dating Sample nber level, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) err + err - KIA12728 1 G. inflata 3465 30 -30 KIA12729 40 G. inflata 5505 30 -30 KIA12734 330 G. inflata 13690 80 -80 KIA12735 390 G. inflata 16640 100 -100 KIA12736 451 G. inflata 21120 150 -140 KIA12737 500 G. inflata 23070 180 -180 MD98-2167 (13.09 S 121.35 E 1998 m) Indian G. ruber w. Chronozone depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0-2 -2.44 10-12 -2.69 20-22 -2.72 30-32 -2.57 LGM 370-72 -1.27 380-82 -1.27 390-92 -1.30 400-402 -1.32 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack One radiocarbon date @ 360-61 cm; 18.23 cal kyr MD98-2172 (8.52 S 128.15 E 1768 m) Indian G. ruber w. Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 537 -1.23 541 -1.19 541 -1.21 545.5 -1.27 549.5 -1.35 553 -0.89 553 -0.95 557 -1.12 561 -1.01 561 -1.20 565 -1.19 569 -1.22 573 -1.30 577 -1.24 581 -1.17 585 -1.28 589 -1.32 593 -1.01 597 -1.23 600 -1.09 604 -1.25 608 -0.95 608 -1.17 613 -1.22 617 -1.18 Dating Sample nber GifA depth, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 101509 511 G.ruber 15210 180 101508 581 G.ruber 18250 190 MD98-2192 (26.65 N 125.82 E 1432 m) Pacific G. ruber w. (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 -1.88 2.5 -1.93 5 -1.87 7.5 -2.18 10 -1.90 10 -2.08 10 -2.13 15 -2.32 17.5 -2.39 20 -2.07 22.5 -2.20 25 -2.20 27.5 -2.28 30 -2.39 32.5 -2.62 35 -2.47 37.5 -2.55 40 -1.93 40 -2.14 42.5 -2.08 45 -1.85 45 -2.31 47.5 -2.42 50 -2.64 52.5 -2.44 55 -2.08 55 -2.30 57.5 -2.36 60 -2.01 62.5 -2.13 65 -2.37 67.5 -2.74 67.5 -2.49 70 -2.02 70 -2.46 72.5 -2.48 75 -2.52 77.5 -2.25 80 -2.39 80 -2.67 82.5 -2.47 85 -2.47 85 -2.07 87.5 -2.71 87.5 -1.76 90 -1.93 90 -1.73 95 -2.36 100 -2.49 100 -2.45 102.5 -2.43 105 -2.40 107.5 -1.94 107.5 -2.43 110 -2.21 112.5 -2.50 117.5 -2.47 120 -2.21 122.5 -2.19 125 -2.16 127.5 -2.41 130 -2.24 132.5 -2.29 137.5 -2.65 140 -2.30 142.5 -2.29 145 -2.07 147.5 -2.38 150 -2.24 152.5 -2.18 LGM 750 -1.15 760 -1.08 770 -1.31 780 -1.31 790 -0.84 800 -0.63 Dating Sample nber upper level lower level species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 100Ê558 0 2 G ruber + G sacc 1350 60 100Ê559 120 122 G ruber + G sacc 3750 70 145126 beta analytic 590 592 G. ruber 12580 140 100Ê563 800 802 G. ruber 17500 200 MD99-2281 (60.34 N 9.46 W 1197 m) Atlantic N. pachy. s. (200-250µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LGM 650 4.17 660 3.97 670 4.11 680 4.20 690 4.17 700 4.08 700 4.09 710 4.11 720 4.11 730 4.16 740 4.13 750 3.97 760 4.09 770 4.08 780 4.23 790 4.26 800 4.05 810 4.00 820 4.00 830 4.07 840 4.14 840 4.18 850 4.23 860 4.25 870 4.13 880 4.22 890 4.10 890 4.17 900 4.08 910 4.08 Dating depth, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 580 N. pachyderma s 15760 170 650 N. pachyderma s 16040 140 780 N. pachyderma s 18060 160 1180 N. pachyderma s 23340 240 MD99-2344 (41.10 N 4.84 E 2326 m) Mediterranean Sea G. bulloides (200-250µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 1.14 1.5 1.16 2.5 1.21 3.5 0.99 4.5 1.10 6.5 1.04 7.5 1.19 9.5 1.25 12 1.09 15 1.07 16 1.14 17 1.14 20 1.05 LGM 235.5 3.95 246.5 3.87 258 3.75 258 3.86 268 3.74 276 3.94 286.5 3.85 Dating Sample nber upper level lower level species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) LLNL 73268 9 10 G. bulloides 2680 40 LLNL 87504 144 145 G. bulloides 13595 35 LLNL 87506 215 216 G. bulloides 15010 40 LLNL 73269 231 232 G. bulloides 15510 50 MD99-2346 (42.04 N 4.15 E 2099 m) Mediterranean Sea G. bulloides (200-250µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 1.29 5 1.26 10 1.43 20 1.21 25 1.22 30 1.40 LGM 528 4.13 539 4.29 549 4.20 559 3.84 568 3.82 579 3.84 589 3.70 597 3.97 608 3.83 619 3.97 629 3.93 638 3.85 652 3.50 652 3.72 662 3.84 672 3.80 691 3.86 711 3.78 728 3.87 748 3.93 759 3.78 768 3.84 779 3.92 788 3.74 800 3.60 804 3.55 807 3.48 808 3.47 810 3.55 815 3.44 820 3.34 825 3.42 830 3.72 Dating Sample nber upper level lower level species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) LLNL 87498 30 31 G. bulloides 3535 30 LLNL 87499 160 161 G. bulloides 10830 35 LLNL 87502 370 371 G. bulloides 13295 45 LLNL 87503 690 692 G. bulloides 17820 45 NIOP 905 (10.76 N 51.95 E 1586 m) Arabian Sea G. bulloides (250-355µ) Ê Ê G. ruber w. (250-355µ) Chronozone depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0.25 -1.07 Ê 0.25 -1.75 0.75 -1.24 Ê 0.75 -1.92 1.25 -1.20 Ê 1.25 -1.57 1.75 -1.18 Ê 1.75 -1.67 2.75 -1.17 Ê 2.25 -1.84 3.25 -1.18 Ê 2.75 -1.71 4.75 -1.12 Ê 4.75 -1.65 5.25 -1.04 Ê 5.25 -1.91 5.75 -1.35 Ê 5.75 -1.76 6.25 -1.17 Ê 6.75 -1.72 6.75 -0.86 Ê 7.25 -1.81 7.25 -0.99 Ê 7.75 -1.76 7.75 -1.21 Ê 8.25 -1.66 8.25 -1.31 Ê 9.25 -1.84 8.75 -0.93 Ê 9.75 -1.80 9.25 -0.92 Ê 10.25 -1.81 9.75 -1.44 Ê 10.75 -1.87 10.25 -1.12 Ê 11.25 -1.86 10.75 -1.20 Ê 11.75 -1.83 11.25 -1.17 Ê 12.25 -1.92 11.75 -1.17 Ê 12.75 -1.76 12.25 -1.11 Ê 13.25 -1.66 12.75 -1.01 Ê 14.25 -1.64 13.25 -0.85 Ê 14.75 -1.62 13.75 -1.05 Ê 15.25 -1.47 14.25 -1.06 Ê 15.75 -1.58 14.75 -1.13 Ê 16.25 -1.53 15.25 -1.16 Ê 16.75 -1.77 15.75 -1.13 Ê 18.75 -1.93 16.25 -1.10 Ê 19.75 -1.80 16.75 -1.11 Ê 20.25 -1.75 18.75 -1.24 Ê 21.25 -1.67 19.25 -1.18 Ê 21.75 -1.81 19.75 -1.30 Ê 22.25 -1.69 20.25 -1.11 Ê 22.75 -1.77 20.75 -0.92 Ê 24.25 -1.80 21.25 -1.10 Ê 25.25 -1.87 21.75 -1.06 Ê 25.75 -2.02 22.25 -1.25 Ê 26.25 -1.87 22.75 -0.88 Ê 26.75 -1.92 23.25 -0.96 Ê 27.25 -1.75 24.25 -1.31 Ê 27.75 -1.78 25.25 -1.02 Ê 28.25 -1.84 25.75 -1.09 Ê 28.75 -1.68 26.25 -1.02 Ê 29.25 -1.86 26.75 -1.08 Ê 29.75 -1.76 27.25 -1.03 Ê 30.25 -1.94 27.75 -1.07 Ê 30.75 -1.85 28.25 -1.18 Ê 31.25 -1.69 28.75 -1.10 Ê 31.75 -2.14 29.25 -1.05 Ê 32.25 -1.50 29.75 -0.94 Ê 32.75 -1.91 30.25 -1.06 Ê 33.25 -1.91 30.75 -0.97 Ê 33.75 -1.92 31.25 -1.13 Ê 34.25 -1.85 31.75 -1.21 Ê 35.25 -1.97 32.25 -1.14 Ê 35.75 -1.63 32.75 -0.88 Ê 36.25 -1.51 33.25 -1.00 Ê 37.25 -1.66 33.75 -0.98 Ê 37.75 -2.03 34.25 -1.18 Ê 38.25 -1.83 34.75 -1.02 Ê 39.75 -1.86 35.25 -1.04 Ê 40.25 -1.90 35.75 -1.11 Ê 40.75 -1.70 36.25 -1.07 Ê 41.25 -1.72 36.75 -1.12 Ê 41.75 -1.89 37.25 -1.05 Ê 42.25 -1.75 37.75 -1.14 Ê 42.75 -1.97 38.25 -0.89 Ê 43.75 -1.78 38.75 -1.08 Ê 44.25 -1.88 39.25 -0.85 Ê 44.75 -1.69 39.75 -1.11 Ê 45.25 -1.86 40.25 -1.28 Ê 45.75 -1.79 40.75 -1.31 Ê 46.25 -2.01 41.25 -0.81 Ê 46.75 -1.80 41.75 -1.13 Ê 47.25 -1.87 42.25 -1.21 Ê 47.75 -1.78 42.75 -0.70 Ê 48.75 -1.83 43.25 -1.15 Ê 49.25 -1.91 43.75 -1.20 Ê 49.75 -1.65 44.25 -1.06 Ê 50.25 -1.85 44.75 -0.88 Ê 50.75 -1.80 45.25 -0.85 Ê 51.75 -1.80 45.75 -1.08 Ê 52.25 -1.82 46.25 -0.91 Ê 52.75 -1.89 46.75 -1.27 Ê 53.25 -1.72 47.25 -0.98 Ê 53.75 -1.84 47.75 -1.03 Ê 54.75 -1.80 48.25 -1.10 Ê 55.25 -1.75 48.75 -0.83 Ê 55.75 -1.99 49.25 -0.90 Ê 56.25 -2.04 49.75 -1.01 Ê 56.75 -1.72 50.25 -1.17 Ê 57.25 -1.70 50.75 -1.03 Ê 58.25 -1.76 51.25 -1.14 Ê 58.75 -1.82 51.75 -1.15 Ê 59.75 -1.60 52.25 -1.08 Ê 60.25 -1.69 52.75 -1.11 Ê 60.75 -1.47 53.25 -1.02 Ê 62.25 -1.90 54.25 -1.09 Ê 62.75 -1.64 54.75 -1.21 Ê 63.25 -1.77 55.25 -0.88 Ê 63.75 -1.74 55.75 -1.05 Ê 64.25 -1.69 56.25 -0.75 Ê 64.75 -1.76 56.75 -1.09 Ê 65.25 -1.70 57.25 -0.95 Ê 65.75 -1.57 58.25 -1.07 Ê 66.25 -1.74 58.75 -1.11 Ê 67.25 -1.68 59.25 -1.26 Ê 67.75 -1.56 59.75 -1.12 Ê 68.25 -1.82 60.25 -0.97 Ê 68.75 -1.61 60.75 -1.06 Ê 69.25 -1.64 61.25 -1.10 Ê 69.75 -1.76 61.75 -1.05 Ê 70.25 -1.87 62.25 -1.02 Ê 71.25 -1.71 62.75 -1.02 Ê 71.75 -1.75 63.25 -0.97 Ê 72.25 -1.84 63.75 -1.24 Ê 72.75 -1.59 64.25 -1.00 Ê 73.25 -1.74 64.75 -1.52 Ê 73.75 -1.82 65.25 -1.03 Ê 74.25 -1.60 65.75 -0.84 Ê 74.75 -1.66 66.25 -1.13 Ê 75.25 -1.77 66.75 -0.94 Ê 75.75 -1.62 67.25 -0.96 Ê 76.75 -1.59 67.75 -1.10 Ê 77.25 -1.80 68.25 -1.20 Ê 78.25 -1.83 68.75 -1.20 Ê 78.75 -1.68 69.25 -0.98 Ê 79.25 -1.89 69.75 -1.50 Ê 79.75 -1.63 70.25 -0.78 Ê 80.25 -1.37 70.75 -1.20 Ê 80.75 -1.65 71.25 -0.96 Ê 81.25 -1.57 71.75 -1.13 Ê 81.75 -1.34 72.25 -1.16 Ê 82.25 -1.78 72.75 -1.02 Ê 82.75 -1.74 73.25 -1.02 Ê 73.75 -0.98 Ê 74.25 -0.84 Ê 74.75 -1.05 Ê 75.25 -1.00 Ê 75.75 -1.05 Ê 76.25 -0.95 Ê 76.75 -1.22 Ê 77.25 -1.03 Ê 77.75 -1.13 Ê 78.25 -1.05 Ê 78.75 -1.14 Ê 79.75 -1.06 Ê 80.25 -0.74 Ê 80.75 -1.27 Ê 81.25 -0.97 Ê 81.75 -1.15 Ê 82.25 -0.88 Ê 82.75 -1.08 Ê LGM 431.25 0.01 Ê 431.25 0.34 441.25 0.39 Ê 441.25 0.22 451.25 0.07 Ê 451.25 -0.56 461.25 0.27 Ê 461.25 0.09 471.25 0.34 Ê 471.25 -0.05 481.25 0.28 Ê 481.25 -0.01 Dating: upper level lower level species Age C14 Err (1sig) 19 21 Mixed Planktics 1410 60 39 41 Mixed Planktics 2420 50 79 81 Mixed Planktics 4050 50 410 412 Mixed Planktics 14701 61 479 481 Mixed Planktics 20580 114 554 556 Mixed Planktics 26094 211 SHI90-14 (5.78 S 126.97 E 3163 m) Indian G. ruber w. (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 -2.56 LGM 60 -1.00 70 -1.03 Dating Sample nber upper level lower level species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) GifA 95387 0 2 G.menardii 3460 70 GifA 95388 4 5 G.menardii 3040 60 GifA 95377 39 40 G.ruber 13790 110 GifA 95378 75 77 G.ruber 20310 190 SHI90-22 (11.58 S 122.05 E 2313 m) Indian G. ruber w. (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 -2.96 10 -2.86 20 -2.60 30 -2.45 40 -2.56 50 -2.89 60 -2.72 70 -2.46 80 -2.60 90 -2.42 LGM 540 -1.16 550 -1.01 560 -1.14 570 -1.08 580 -0.95 590 -0.92 600 -1.21 Dating Sample nber average level, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) GifA 95334 84 G.ruber 3800 70 GifA 95345 84 G.Menardii 3720 70 GifA 95341 504.5 G.ruber 15110 130 GifA 95342 594.2 G.ruber 18620 160 GifA 95351 594.2 G.Menardii 19020 190 GifA 95343 694.2 G.ruber 26290 300 GifA 95352 694.2 G.Menardii 26650 330 SHOM92-10 (38.58 N 29.26 W 1900 m) Atlantic Ê G. bullo Chronozone depth ¶18 vs PDB LGM 68 2.08 71 2.31 73 2.12 74 2.31 76 2.05 78 2.14 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack SU81-14 (36.77 N 9.85 W 2795 m) Atlantic G. bulloides (200-250µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0 1.29 5 1.26 10 1.43 20 1.21 25 1.22 30 1.40 LGM 528 4.13 539 4.29 549 4.20 559 3.84 568 3.82 579 3.84 589 3.70 597 3.97 608 3.83 619 3.97 629 3.93 638 3.85 652 3.50 652 3.72 662 3.84 672 3.80 691 3.86 711 3.78 728 3.87 748 3.93 759 3.78 768 3.84 779 3.92 788 3.74 800 3.60 804 3.55 807 3.48 808 3.47 810 3.55 815 3.44 820 3.34 825 3.42 830 3.72 Dating Sample nber upper level lower level species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) 86022 0 4 G. bulloides 750 160 86039 20 24 G. bulloides 3310 90 86024 47 50 G. bulloides 8270 110 86233 248 252 G. bulloides 15190 180 86037 280 284 G. bulloides 16270 260 86053 300 304 G. bulloides 16650 300 SU92-26 (37.88 N 9.49 W 1150 m) Atlantic Ê G. bullo Chronozone depth ¶18 vs PDB LGM 170 2.71 180 2.81 190 2.58 200 2.66 210 2.47 220 2.40 230 2.41 240 2.53 260 2.42 270 2.43 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack SU92-28 (37.10 N 9.48 W 997 m) Atlantic G. bulloides (250-315µ) Chronozone Depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 30 0.31 35 0.21 39 0.09 40 0.38 42 0.10 45 -0.15 50 0.14 55 0.19 60 0.14 65 -0.11 LGM 225 1.95 230 1.83 235 1.63 240 2.16 245 1.53 250 2.32 255 1.96 260 2.41 265 1.48 265 1.95 Dating Sample nber level, cm species 14C age (14C yr BP) Err (1sig) GifA 97139 31 G. bulloides 1340 60 GifA 97156 66 G. bulloides 3985 40 GifA 97141 211 G. bulloides 15230 80 GifA 97159 277 G. bulloides 20930 120 TR163-21 (0.61 N 93.31 W 2760 m) Pacific G. ruber w. Chronozone depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 18-20 -1.37 28-30 -1.36 LGM 68-70 -0.18 78-80 -0.17 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack TR163-23 (0.41 N 92.16 W 2730 m) Pacific G. ruber w. Chronozone depth, cm ¶18 vs PDB LH 0-2 -1.54 LGM 111-113 -0.04 131-133 0.00 Dating: correlation of benthic ¶18O to the SPECMAP stack