TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater A1 - Wang,Qiang A1 - Ilicak,Mehmet A1 - Gerdes,Ruediger A1 - Drange,Helge A1 - Aksenov,Yevgeny A1 - Bailey,David A. A1 - Bentsen,Mats A1 - Biastoch,Arne A1 - Bozec,Alexandra A1 - Boening,Claus A1 - Cassou,Christophe A1 - Chassignet,Eric A1 - Coward,Andrew C. A1 - Curry,Beth A1 - Danabasoglu,Gokhan A1 - Danilov,Sergey A1 - Fernandez,Elodie A1 - Fogli,Pier Giuseppe A1 - Fujii,Yosuke A1 - Griffies,Stephen M. A1 - Iovino,Doroteaciro A1 - Jahn,Alexandra A1 - Jung,Thomas A1 - Large,William G. A1 - Lee,Craig A1 - Lique,Camille A1 - Lu,Jianhua A1 - Masina,Simona A1 - Nurser,A. J. George A1 - Rabe,Benjamin A1 - Roth,Christina A1 - Salas Y Melia,David A1 - Samuels,Bonita L. A1 - Spence,Paul A1 - Tsujino,Hiroyuki A1 - Valcke,Sophie A1 - Voldoire,Aurore A1 - Wang,Xuezhu A1 - Yeager,Steve G. AD - Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. AD - Uni Res Ltd, Bergen, Norway. AD - Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. AD - NOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. AD - Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. AD - GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. AD - Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. AD - CERFACS, Toulouse, France. AD - Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. AD - Ctr Euromediterrarteo Cambiamenti Climat CMCC, Bologna, Italy. AD - Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. AD - NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. AD - Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. AD - Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. AD - Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. AD - Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. AD - IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. AD - CNRM, Toulouse, France. AD - Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. AD - INGV, Bologna, Italy. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.008 DO - 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.008 KW - Arctic Ocean KW - Sea ice KW - Freshwater KW - CORE II atmospheric forcing N2 - The Arctic Ocean simulated in fourteen global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE II) is analyzed. The focus is on the Arctic sea ice extent, the solid freshwater (FW) sources and solid freshwater content (FWC). Available observations are used for model evaluation. The variability of sea ice extent and solid FW budget is more consistently reproduced than their mean state in the models. The descending trend of September sea ice extent is well simulated in terms of the model ensemble mean. Models overestimating sea ice thickness tend to underestimate the descending trend of September sea ice extent. The models underestimate the observed sea ice thinning trend by a factor of two. When averaged on decadal time scales, the variation of Arctic solid FWC is contributed by those of both sea ice production and sea ice transport, which are out of phase in time. The solid FWC decreased in the recent decades, caused mainly by the reduction in sea ice thickness. The models did not simulate the acceleration of sea ice thickness decline, leading to an underestimation of solid FWC trend after 2000. The common model behavior, including the tendency to underestimate the trend of sea ice thickness and March sea ice extent, remains to be improved Y1 - 2016/03 PB - Elsevier Sci Ltd JF - Ocean Modelling SN - 1463-5003 VL - 99 SP - 110 EP - 132 ID - 41812 ER -