Mitochondria-targeted Triphenylamine Derivatives Activatable by Two-Photon Excitation for Triggering and Imaging Cell Apoptosis
| Type | Article | ||||||||||||
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| Date | 2016-03 | ||||||||||||
| Language | English | ||||||||||||
| Author(s) | Chennoufi Rahima1, Bougherara Houcine1, Gagey-Eilstein Nathalie1, 3, Dumat Blaise2, Henry Etienne 1, 4, Subra Frederic1, Bury-Mone Stephanie1, Mahuteau-Betzer Florence2, Tauc Patrick1, Teulade-Fichou Marie-Paule2, Deprez Eric1 |
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| Affiliation(s) | 1 : Univ Paris Saclay, ENS Cachan, IDA FR3242, LBPA,CNRS UMR8113, F-94235 Cachan, France. 2 : Ctr Univ Orsay, Inst Curie, Chem Modeling & Imaging Biol, UMR9187 U1196, F-91405 Orsay, France. 3 : Univ Paris 05, CNRS UMR8638, F-75006 Paris, France. 4 : CNRS, IFREMER, UBO, UMR6197, F-29280 Plouzane, France. |
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| Source | Scientific Reports (2045-2322) (Nature Publishing Group), 2016-03 , Vol. 6 , N. 21458 , P. 12p. | ||||||||||||
| DOI | 10.1038/srep21458 | ||||||||||||
| WOS© Times Cited | 56 | ||||||||||||
| Keyword(s) | Apoptosis, Small molecules | ||||||||||||
| Abstract | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) leads to cell death by using a combination of a photosensitizer and an external light source for the production of lethal doses of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since a major limitation of PDT is the poor penetration of UV-visible light in tissues, there is a strong need for organic compounds whose activation is compatible with near-infrared excitation. Triphenylamines (TPAs) are fluorescent compounds, recently shown to efficiently trigger cell death upon visible light irradiation (458 nm), however outside the so-called optical/therapeutic window. Here, we report that TPAs target cytosolic organelles of living cells, mainly mitochondria, triggering a fast apoptosis upon two-photon excitation, thanks to their large two-photon absorption cross-sections in the 760-860 nm range. Direct ROS imaging in the cell context upon multiphoton excitation of TPA and three-color flow cytometric analysis showing phosphatidylserine externalization indicate that TPA photoactivation is primarily related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via ROS production, although significant differences in the time courses of cell death-related events were observed, depending on the compound. TPAs represent a new class of water-soluble organic photosensitizers compatible with direct two-photon excitation, enabling simultaneous multiphoton fluorescence imaging of cell death since a concomitant subcellular TPA re-distribution occurs in apoptotic cells. | ||||||||||||
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