FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Methodology for Single-Cell Genetic Analysis of Planktonic Foraminifera for Studies of Protist Diversity and Evolution BT AF Weiner, Agnes K. M. Morard, Raphael Weinkauf, Manuel F. G. Darling, Kate F. André, Aurore Quillévéré, Frédéric Ujiie, Yurika Douady, Christophe J. de Vargas, Colomban Kucera, Michal AS 1:1,2;2:1;3:1,3;4:4,5;5:6;6:7;7:8;8:9,10;9:11,12;10:1; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:; C1 MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK School of Geography and GeoSciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystémes Naturels et Anthropisés, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Roscoff, France C2 UNIV BREMEN, GERMANY JAMSTEC, JAPAN UNIV GENEVA, SWITZERLAND UNIV EDINBURGH, UK UNIV ST ANDREWS, UK UNIV REIMS, FRANCE CNRS LEGOS, FRANCE UNIV KOCHI, JAPAN UNIV LYON, FRANCE INST UNIV FRANCE, FRANCE CNRS, FRANCE UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE IN DOAJ IF 5.247 TC 29 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49460/49938.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49460/49939.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49460/49940.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49460/49941.xlsx https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49460/49942.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49460/49943.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49460/49944.pdf LA English DT Article CR OISO - OCÉAN INDIEN SERVICE D'OBSERVATION DE ;foraminifera;protists;single-cell genetics;cryptic diversity;comparability;methods;laboratory protocols;standardization AB Single-cell genetic analysis is an essential method to investigate the biodiversity and evolutionary ecology of marine protists. In protist groups that do not reproduce under laboratory conditions, this approach provides the only means to directly associate molecular sequences with cell morphology. The resulting unambiguous taxonomic identification of the DNA sequences is a prerequisite for barcoding and analyses of environmental metagenomic data. Extensive single-cell genetic studies have been carried out on planktonic foraminifera over the past 20 years to elucidate their phylogeny, cryptic diversity, biogeography, and the relationship between genetic and morphological variability. In the course of these investigations, it has become evident that genetic analysis at the individual specimen level is confronted by innumerable challenges ranging from the negligible amount of DNA present in the single cell to the substantial amount of DNA contamination introduced by endosymbionts or food particles. Consequently, a range of methods has been developed and applied throughout the years for the genetic analysis of planktonic foraminifera in order to enhance DNA amplification success rates. Yet, the description of these methods in the literature rarely occurred with equivalent levels of detail and the different approaches have never been compared in terms of their efficiency and reproducibility. Here, aiming at a standardization of methods, we provide a comprehensive review of all methods that have been employed for the single-cell genetic analysis of planktonic foraminifera. We compile data on success rates of DNA amplification and use these to evaluate the effects of key parameters associated with the methods of sample collection, storage and extraction of single-cell DNA. We show that the chosen methods influence the success rates of single-cell genetic studies, but the differences between them are not sufficient to hinder comparisons between studies carried out by different methods. The review thus not only provides a comprehensive reference with guidelines for future genetic studies on foraminifera, but it also establishes an important benchmark for investigations using existing single-cell datasets. The methods are widely applicable and the review may help to establish similar standard principles for their utilization in other protist groups. PY 2016 SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 3 IS 255 UT 000457358000251 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.3389/fmars.2016.00255 ID 49460 ER EF