FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI Maitotoxin-4, a Novel MTX Analog Produced by Gambierdiscus excentricus
BT 
AF PISAPIA, Francesco
   SIBAT, Manoella
   HERRENKNECHT, Christine
   LHAUTE, Korian
   GAIANI, Greta
   FERRON, Pierre-Jean
   FESSARD, Valerie
   FRAGA, Santiago
   NASCIMENTO, Silvia M.
   LITAKER, R. Wayne
   HOLLAND, William C.
   ROULLIER, Catherine
   HESS, Philipp
AS 1:1;2:1;3:2;4:1;5:3;6:4;7:4;8:5;9:6;10:7;11:7;12:2;13:1;
FF 1:PDG-ODE-DYNECO-PHYC;2:PDG-ODE-DYNECO-PHYC;3:;4:PDG-ODE-DYNECO-PHYC;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:PDG-ODE-DYNECO-PHYC;
C1 IFREMER, Phycotoxins Lab, Rue Ile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France.
   Univ Nantes, LUNAM, Pharm Fac, Mer Mol Sante MMS Lab,EA2160, 9 Rue Bias, F-44035 Nantes, France.
   Univ Trieste, Dept Life Sci, Via Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
   French Agcy Food Environm & Occupat Hlth & Safety, Toxicol Contaminants Unit, ANSES Lab, 10 B Rue Claude Bourgelat, F-35133 Javene, France.
   Ctr Oceanog Vigo, IEO, Subida Radio Faro 50, Vigo 36390, Spain.
   Univ Fed Estado Rio De Janeiro UNIRIO, Dept Ecol & Recursos Marinhos, Lab Microalgas Marinhas, BR-22290240 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
   NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, CCFHR, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
C2 IFREMER, FRANCE
   UNIV NANTES, FRANCE
   UNIV TRIESTE, ITALY
   ANSES, FRANCE
   IEO, SPAIN
   UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
   NOAA, USA
SI NANTES
SE PDG-ODE-DYNECO-PHYC
IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018
   DOAJ
   copubli-france
   copubli-europe
   copubli-univ-france
   copubli-int-hors-europe
   copubli-sud
IF 4.379
TC 50
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00392/50320/51001.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00392/50320/51002.pdf
LA English
DT Article
DE ;Gambierdiscus excentricus;maitotoxin-4;bioguided fractionation;size-exclusion chromatography (LH-20);neuro-2a (N2a) assay;LC-HRMS/MS (Q-Tof 6550);LC-LRMS/MS (API4000 QTrap)
AB Maitotoxins (MTXs) are among the most potent toxins known. These toxins are produced by epi-benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa and may play a role in causing the symptoms associated with Ciguatera Fish Poisoning. A recent survey revealed that, of the species tested, the newly described species from the Canary Islands, G. excentricus, is one of the most maitotoxic. The goal of the present study was to characterize MTX-related compounds produced by this species. Initially, lysates of cells from two Canary Island G. excentricus strains VGO791 and VGO792 were partially purified by (i) liquid-liquid partitioning between dichloromethane and aqueous methanol followed by (ii) size-exclusion chromatography. Fractions from chromatographic separation were screened for MTX toxicity using both the neuroblastoma neuro-2a (N2a) cytotoxicity and Ca2+ flux functional assays. Fractions containing MTX activity were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to pinpoint potential MTX analogs. Subsequent non-targeted HRMS analysis permitted the identification of a novel MTX analog, maitotoxin-4 (MTX4, accurate mono-isotopic mass of 3292.4860 Da, as free acid form) in the most toxic fractions. HRMS/MS spectra of MTX4 as well as of MTX are presented. In addition, crude methanolic extracts of five other strains of G. excentricus and 37 other strains representing one Fukuyoa species and ten species, one ribotype and one undetermined strain/species of Gambierdiscus were screened for the presence of MTXs using low resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LRMS/MS). This targeted analysis indicated the original maitotoxin (MTX) was only present in one strain (G. australes S080911_1). Putative maitotoxin-2 (p-MTX2) and maitotoxin-3 (p-MTX3) were identified in several other species, but confirmation was not possible because of the lack of reference material. Maitotoxin-4 was detected in all seven strains of G. excentricus examined, independently of their origin (Brazil, Canary Islands and Caribbean), and not detected in any other species. MTX4 may therefore serve as a biomarker for the highly toxic G. excentricus in the Atlantic area. 
PY 2017
PD JUN
SO Marine Drugs
SN 1660-3397
PU Mdpi Ag
VL 15
IS 7
UT 000406685900028
DI 10.3390/md15070220
ID 50320
ER

EF