FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Sex matters in massive parallel sequencing: Evidence for biases in genetic parameter estimation and investigation of sex determination systems BT AF BENESTAN, Laura MOORE, Jean-Sebastien SUTHERLAND, Ben J. G. LE LUYER, Jeremy MAAROUFI, Halim ROUGEUX, Clement NORMANDEAU, Eric RYCROFT, Nathan ATEMA, Jelle HARRIS, Les N. TALLMAN, Ross F. GREENWOOD, Spencer J. CLARK, Fraser K. BERNATCHEZ, Louis AS 1:1,2;2:1,2;3:1,2;4:1,2;5:2;6:1,2;7:1,2;8:3;9:3;10:4;11:4;12:5,6;13:5,6;14:1,2; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:; C1 Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Univ Laval, IBIS, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Prince Edward Isl, Dept Biomed Sci, Atlantic Vet Coll, Charlottetown, PE, Canada. Univ Prince Edward Isl, AVC Lobster Sci Ctr, Atlantic Vet Coll, Charlottetown, PE, Canada. C2 UNIV LAVAL, CANADA UNIV LAVAL, CANADA UNIV BOSTON, USA MPO, CANADA UNIV PRINCE EDWARD ISL, CANADA UNIV PRINCE EDWARD ISL, CANADA IF 6.131 TC 35 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00409/52046/108142.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;conservation genetics;fisheries management;genotyping-by-sequencing;marine genomics;RADseq AB Using massively parallel sequencing data from two species with different life history traits, American lobster (Homarus americanus) and Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus), we highlight how an unbalanced sex ratio in the samples and a few sex-linked markers may lead to false interpretations of population structure and thus to potentially erroneous management recommendations. Here, multivariate analyses revealed two genetic clusters separating samples by sex instead of by expected spatial variation: inshore and offshore locations in lobster, or east and west locations in Arctic Char. To further investigate this, we created several subsamples artificially varying the sex ratio in the inshore/offshore and east/west groups and then demonstrated that significant genetic differentiation could be observed despite panmixia in lobster, and that FST values were overestimated in Arctic Char. This pattern was due to 12 and 94 sex-linked markers driving differentiation for lobster and Arctic Char, respectively. Removing sex-linked markers led to nonsignificant genetic structure in lobster and a more accurate estimation of FST in Arctic Char. The locations of these markers and putative identities of genes containing or nearby the markers were determined using available transcriptomic and genomic data, and this provided new information related to sex determination in both species. Given that only 9.6% of all marine/diadromous population genomic studies to date have reported sex information, we urge researchers to collect and consider individual sex information. Sex information is therefore relevant for avoiding unexpected biases due to sex-linked markers as well as for improving our knowledge of sex determination systems in nonmodel species. PY 2017 PD DEC SO Molecular Ecology SN 0962-1083 PU Wiley VL 26 IS 24 UT 000419045000002 BP 6767 EP 6783 DI 10.1111/mec.14217 ID 52046 ER EF