FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI A framework to quantify uncertainties of seafloor backscatter from swath mapping echosounders
BT 
AF MALIK, Mashkoor
   LURTON, Xavier
   MAYER, Larry
AS 1:1,3;2:2;3:3;
FF 1:;2:PDG-DFO-NSE-ASTI;3:;
C1 NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer IFREMER, Underwater Acoust Lab IMN NSE ASTI, Plouzane, France.
   Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
C2 NOAA, USA
   IFREMER, FRANCE
   UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA
SI BREST
SE PDG-DFO-NSE-ASTI
IN WOS Ifremer jusqu'en 2018
   copubli-int-hors-europe
IF 1.471
TC 12
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00429/54018/57435.pdf
LA English
DT Article
DE ;Multibeam echosounder;Calibration;Incidence angle
AB Multibeam echosounders (MBES) have become a widely used acoustic remote sensing tool to map and study the seafloor, providing co-located bathymetry and seafloor backscatter. Although the uncertainty associated with MBES-derived bathymetric data has been studied extensively, the question of backscatter uncertainty has been addressed only minimally and hinders the quantitative use of MBES seafloor backscatter. This paper explores approaches to identifying uncertainty sources associated with MBES-derived backscatter measurements. The major sources of uncertainty are catalogued and the magnitudes of their relative contributions to the backscatter uncertainty budget are evaluated. These major uncertainty sources include seafloor insonified area (1–3 dB), absorption coefficient (up to > 6 dB), random fluctuations in echo level (5.5 dB for a Rayleigh distribution), and sonar calibration (device dependent). The magnitudes of these uncertainty sources vary based on how these effects are compensated for during data acquisition and processing. Various cases (no compensation, partial compensation and full compensation) for seafloor insonified area, transmission losses and random fluctuations were modeled to estimate their uncertainties in different scenarios. Uncertainty related to the seafloor insonified area can be reduced significantly by accounting for seafloor slope during backscatter processing while transmission losses can be constrained by collecting full water column absorption coefficient profiles (temperature and salinity profiles). To reduce random fluctuations to below 1 dB, at least 20 samples are recommended to be used while computing mean values. The estimation of uncertainty in backscatter measurements is constrained by the fact that not all instrumental components are characterized and documented sufficiently for commercially available MBES. Further involvement from manufacturers in providing this essential information is critically required. 
PY 2018
PD JUL
SO Marine Geophysical Research
SN 0025-3235
PU Springer
VL 39
IS 1-2
UT 000430016500011
BP 151
EP 168
DI 10.1007/s11001-018-9346-7
ID 54018
ER

EF