Marteilia refringens and Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. are distinct parasites of bivalves and have different European distributions

Type Article
Date 2018-09
Language English
Author(s) Kerr R.1, 2, Ward G. M.1, 2, 3, Stentiford G. D.1, Alfjorden A.4, Mortensen S.5, Bignell J. P.1, Feist S. W.1, Villalba A.6, 7, Carballal M. J.6, Cao A.6, Arzul IsabelleORCID8, Ryder D.1, Bass D.1, 3
Affiliation(s) 1 : Cefas, Weymouth Lab, Pathol & Microbial Systemat Theme, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England.
2 : Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Biosci, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England.
3 : Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England.
4 : Natl Vet Inst SVA, Dept Anim Hlth & Antimicrobial Strategies, Div Fish, Uppsala, Sweden.
5 : Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
6 : Conselleria Mar Xunta Galicia, Ctr Invest Marinas, Vilanova De Arousa 36620, Spain.
7 : Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Life Sci, Alcala De Henares 28871, Spain.
8 : Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer Ifremer, Lab Genet & Pathol Mollusques Marins, Ave Mus Loup, F-17390 La Tremblade, France.
Source Parasitology (0031-1820) (Cambridge Univ Press), 2018-09 , Vol. 145 , N. 11 , P. 1483-1492
DOI 10.1017/S003118201800063X
WOS© Times Cited 17
Keyword(s) Marteilia refringens, Marteilia pararefringens, ITS1 rDNA, IGS rDNA, Paramyxida, Ascetosporea, Mytilus edulis, Ostrea edulis
Abstract

Marteilia refringens causes marteiliosis in oysters, mussels and other bivalve molluscs. This parasite previously comprised two species, M. refringens and Marteilia maurini, which were synonymized in 2007 and subsequently referred to as M. refringens ‘O-type’ and ‘M-type’. O-type has caused mass mortalities of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis. We used high throughput sequencing and histology to intensively screen flat oysters and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the UK, Sweden and Norway for infection by both types and to generate multi-gene datasets to clarify their genetic distinctiveness. Mussels from the UK, Norway and Sweden were more frequently polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for M-type (75/849) than oysters (11/542). We did not detect O-type in any northern European samples, and no histology-confirmed Marteilia-infected oysters were found in the UK, Norway and Sweden, even where co-habiting mussels were infected by the M-type. The two genetic lineages within ‘M. refringens’ are robustly distinguishable at species level. We therefore formally define them as separate species: M. refringens (previously O-type) and Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. (M-type). We designed and tested new Marteilia-specific PCR primers amplifying from the 3’ end of the 18S rRNA gene through to the 5.8S gene, which specifically amplified the target region from both tissue and environmental samples.

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Kerr R., Ward G. M., Stentiford G. D., Alfjorden A., Mortensen S., Bignell J. P., Feist S. W., Villalba A., Carballal M. J., Cao A., Arzul Isabelle, Ryder D., Bass D. (2018). Marteilia refringens and Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. are distinct parasites of bivalves and have different European distributions. Parasitology, 145(11), 1483-1492. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118201800063X , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00444/55566/