TY - JOUR T1 - Marine animal forests as useful indicators of entanglement by marine litter A1 - Galgani,Francois A1 - Pham,Christopher K. A1 - Claro,Francoise A1 - Consoli,Pierpaolo AD - IFREMER, LER PAC, Bastia, Corsica, France. AD - Univ Azores, Dept Oceanog & Fisheries, IMAR & Okeanos, Horta, Portugal. AD - Museum Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France. AD - Inst Environm Protect & Res ISPRA, BIO CIT, Milazzo, Italy. AD - Staz Zool Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.004 DO - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.004 KW - Marine animal forests KW - Marine litter KW - Coral KW - Epibenthic communities KW - Entanglement KW - Deep sea N2 - Entanglement of marine fauna is one of the principal impacts of marine litter, with an incidence that can vary strongly according to regions, the type and the quantity of marine litter. On the seafloor, areas dominated by sessile suspension feeders, such as tropical coral reefs or deep-sea coral and sponge aggregations, have been termed “animal forests” and have a strong potential to monitor the temporal and spatial trends of entanglement by marine litter, especially fishing gears. Several characteristics of these organisms represent advantages while avoiding constraints and bias. Biological constraints and logistical aspects, including tools, are discussed to better define a strategy for supporting long-term evaluation of accumulation and entanglement of marine litter. Y1 - 2018/10 PB - Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd JF - Marine Pollution Bulletin SN - 0025-326X VL - 135 SP - 735 EP - 738 ID - 56368 ER -