FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Correlating Molecular Phylogeny with Venom Apparatus Occurrence in Panamic Auger Snails (Terebridae) BT AF HOLFORD, Mande PUILLANDRE, Nicolas MODICA, Maria Vittoria WATKINS, Maren COLLIN, Rachel BERMINGHAM, Eldredge OLIVERA, Baldomero M. AS 1:1;2:2,4;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:6;7:7; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:; C1 The City University of New York-York College & CUNY Graduate Center and The American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America Département Systématique et Évolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America C2 CUNY, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA MNHN, FRANCE UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, ITALY UNIV UTAH, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, PANAMA SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, PANAMA UNIV UTAH, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN DOAJ IF 4.351 TC 13 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00467/57840/60112.pdf LA English DT Article CR TROPICAL DEEP-SEA BENTHOS AB Central to the discovery of neuroactive compounds produced by predatory marine snails of the superfamily Conoidea (cone snails, terebrids, and turrids) is identifying those species with a venom apparatus. Previous analyses of western Pacific terebrid specimens has shown that some Terebridae groups have secondarily lost their venom apparatus. In order to efficiently characterize terebrid toxins, it is essential to devise a key for identifying which species have a venom apparatus. The findings presented here integrate molecular phylogeny and the evolution of character traits to infer the presence or absence of the venom apparatus in the Terebridae. Using a combined dataset of 156 western and 33 eastern Pacific terebrid samples, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on analyses of 16S, COI and 12S mitochondrial genes. The 33 eastern Pacific specimens analyzed represent four different species: Acus strigatus, Terebra argyosia, T. ornata, and T. cf. formosa. Anatomical analysis was congruent with molecular characters, confirming that species included in the clade Acus do not have a venom apparatus, while those in the clade Terebra do. Discovery of the association between terebrid molecular phylogeny and the occurrence of a venom apparatus provides a useful tool for effectively identifying the terebrid lineages that may be investigated for novel pharmacological active neurotoxins, enhancing conservation of this important resource, while providing supplementary information towards understanding terebrid evolutionary diversification. PY 2009 PD NOV SO Plos One SN 1932-6203 PU Public Library Science VL 4 IS 11 UT 000271459700003 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0007667 ID 57840 ER EF