A Good Compromise: Rapid and Robust Species Proxies for Inventorying Biodiversity Hotspots Using the Terebridae (Gastropoda: Conoidea)

Type Article
Date 2014-07
Language English
Author(s) Modica Maria VittoriaORCID1, 5, Puillandre Nicolas2, Castelin Magalie2, 3, 5, Zhang Yu4, Holford MandeORCID5, 6
Affiliation(s) 1 : Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol & Biotechnol C Darwin, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
2 : Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Systemat & Evolut Systemat Adaptat & Evolut, UMR 7138, F-75231 Paris, France.
3 : Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
4 : Ernst & Young, New York, NY ,USA.
5 : CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021, USA.
6 : Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 ,USA.
Source Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2014-07 , Vol. 9 , N. 7 , P. e102160 (8p.)
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102160
WOS© Times Cited 30
Abstract

Devising a reproducible approach for species delimitation of hyperdiverse groups is an ongoing challenge in evolutionary biology. Speciation processes combine modes of passive and adaptive trait divergence requiring an integrative taxonomy approach to accurately generate robust species hypotheses. However, in light of the rapid decline of diversity on Earth, complete integrative approaches may not be practical in certain species-rich environments. As an alternative, we applied a two-step strategy combining ABGD (Automated Barcode Gap Discovery) and Klee diagrams, to balance speed and accuracy in producing primary species hypotheses (PSHs). Specifically, an ABGD/Klee approach was used for species delimitation in the Terebridae, a neurotoxin-producing marine snail family included in the Conoidea. Delimitation of species boundaries is problematic in the Conoidea, as traditional taxonomic approaches are hampered by the high levels of variation, convergence and morphological plasticity of shell characters. We used ABGD to analyze gaps in the distribution of pairwise distances of 454 COI sequences attributed to 87 morphospecies and obtained 98 to 125 Primary Species Hypotheses (PSHs). The PSH partitions were subsequently visualized as a Klee diagram color map, allowing easy detection of the incongruences that were further evaluated individually with two other species delimitation models, General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP). GMYC and PTP results confirmed the presence of 17 putative cryptic terebrid species in our dataset. The consensus of GMYC, PTP, and ABGD/Klee findings suggest the combination of ABGD and Klee diagrams is an effective approach for rapidly proposing primary species proxies in hyperdiverse groups and a reliable first step for macroscopic biodiversity assessment.

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Publisher's official version 8 1 MB Open access
Figure S1. Results of GMYC single threshold species delimitation on COI alignment. 1 20 KB Open access
Figure S2. Results of GMYC multiple thresholds species delimitation on COI alignment. 1 20 KB Open access
Figure S3. Results of PTP species delimitation on COI alignment. 1 1 MB Open access
Table S1. List of Terebridae specimens analyzed. Table indicates morphospecies identification... 120 KB Open access
Data S1. Original alignment of COI gene sequences. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102160.s005 306 KB Open access
Data S2. Original alignment of 28S rDNA gene sequences. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102160.s006 152 KB Open access
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