\begin{thebibliography}{31}
\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}
\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax
  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else
  \providecommand{\doi}{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup
  \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi

\bibitem[{\textit{Brearley et~al.}(2013)\textit{Brearley, Sheen,
  Naveira~Garabato, Smeed, and Waterman}}]{Brearley:13}
Brearley, J.~A., K.~L. Sheen, A.~C. Naveira~Garabato, D.~A. Smeed, and
  S.~Waterman (2013), Eddy-induced modulation of turbulent dissipation over
  rough topography in the southern ocean, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.},
  \textit{43}, 2288--2308.

\bibitem[{\textit{Carter et~al.}(2009)\textit{Carter, McCave, and
  M.}}]{Carter:09}
Carter, L., I.~N. McCave, and W.~M.~J. M. (2009), Circulation and water masses
  of the southern ocean: A review\ \textit{in} anatractic climate evolution,
  \textit{Developments in Earth \& Environmental Science}, \textit{8}, 85--114.

\bibitem[{\textit{Chelton et~al.}(1998)\textit{Chelton, deSzoeke, Schlax,
  El~Naggar, and Siwertz}}]{Chelton:98}
Chelton, D.~B., R.~A. deSzoeke, M.~G. Schlax, K.~El~Naggar, and N.~Siwertz
  (1998), Geographical variability of the first baroclinic rossby radius of
  deformation, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{28}, 433--460.

\bibitem[{\textit{Colas et~al.}(2013)\textit{Colas, Capet, McWilliams, and
  Li}}]{Colas:13}
Colas, F., X.~Capet, J.~C. McWilliams, and Z.~Li (2013), Mesoscale eddy
  buoyancy flux and eddy-induced circulation in eastern boundary currents,
  \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{43}, 1073--1095.

\bibitem[{\textit{Defant}(1961)}]{Defant:61}
Defant, A. (1961), \textit{Physical Oceanography}, 782 pp., Pergmon Press.

\bibitem[{\textit{D\"{o}\"{o}s and Webb}(1994)}]{Doos:94}
D\"{o}\"{o}s, K., and D.~J. Webb (1994), The deacon cell and the other
  meridional cells of the southern ocean, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.},
  \textit{24}, 429--442.

\bibitem[{\textit{Eden et~al.}(2007)\textit{Eden, Greatbach, and
  Willebrand}}]{Eden:07}
Eden, C., R.~J. Greatbach, and J.~Willebrand (2007), A diagnosis of thickness
  fluxes in an eddy-resolving model, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.},
  \textit{37}, 727--742.

\bibitem[{\textit{Emery and Meincke}(1986)}]{Emery:86}
Emery, W.~J., and J.~Meincke (1986), Global water masses: summary and review,
  \textit{Oceanologica Acta}, \textit{9}, 383--391.

\bibitem[{\textit{Gent and McWilliams}(1990)}]{Gent:90}
Gent, P.~R., and J.~C. McWilliams (1990), Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation
  model, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{20}, 150--155.

\bibitem[{\textit{Killworth and Hughes}(2002)}]{Killworth:02}
Killworth, P.~D., and C.~W. Hughes (2002), The antarctic circumpolar current as
  a free equivalent-barotropic jet, \textit{J.\ Mar.\ Res.}, \textit{60},
  19--45.

\bibitem[{\textit{Klocker and Abernathey}(2014)}]{Klocker:14b}
Klocker, A., and R.~Abernathey (2014), Global patterns of mesoscale eddy
  properties and diffusivities, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{44},
  1030--1046.

\bibitem[{\textit{Klocker and Marshall}(2014)}]{Klocker:14a}
Klocker, A., and D.~P. Marshall (2014), Advection of baroclinic eddies by depth
  mean flow, \textit{Geophys.\ Res.\ Lett.}, \textit{41}, 3517--3521.

\bibitem[{\textit{Landsch\"{u}tzer et~al.}(2015)\textit{Landsch\"{u}tzer,
  Gruber, Haumann, R\"{o}denbeck, Bakker, Hoppema, Metz, Sweeney, Takahashi,
  Tilbrook, and Wanninkhof}}]{Landschutzer:15}
Landsch\"{u}tzer, P., N.~Gruber, F.~A. Haumann, C.~R\"{o}denbeck, S.~Bakker,
  D.\ C.\ E.\ van~Heuven, M.~Hoppema, N.~Metz, C.~Sweeney, T.~Takahashi,
  B.~Tilbrook, and R.~Wanninkhof (2015), The reinvigoration of the southern
  ocean carbon sink, \textit{Nature}, \textit{349}, 1221--1224.

\bibitem[{\textit{Liu et~al.}(2018)\textit{Liu, Lu, Xie, and Fedorov}}]{Liu:18}
Liu, W., J.~Lu, J.-P. Xie, and A.~V. Fedorov (2018), Southern ocean heat
  uptake, redistribution and storage in a warming climate: The role of
  meridional overturning circulation, \textit{J.\ Climate}, pp.
  doi.org/10.1175/JCLI--D--17--0761.1.

\bibitem[{\textit{Lumpkin and Speer}(2007)}]{Lumpkin:07}
Lumpkin, R., and K.~Speer (2007), Global ocean meridional overturning,
  \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{37}, 2550--2562.

\bibitem[{\textit{Madec}(2008)}]{Madec:08}
Madec, G. (2008), Nemo ocean engine, \textit{Tech. rep.}, Institut Pierre-Simon
  Laplace (IPSL), France, No27, 332pp.

\bibitem[{\textit{Madec and Imbard}(1996)}]{Madec:96}
Madec, G., and M.~Imbard (1996), A global ocean mesh to overcome the north pole
  singularity, \textit{Clim.\ Dyn.}, \textit{12}, 381--388.

\bibitem[{\textit{Marshall and Radko}(2003)}]{Marshall:03}
Marshall, J., and T.~Radko (2003), Residual-mean solutions for the antarctic
  circumpolar current and its associated overturning circulation, \textit{J.\
  Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{33}, 2341--2354.

\bibitem[{\textit{Marshall and Radko}(2006)}]{Marshall:06}
Marshall, J., and T.~Radko (2006), A model of the upper branch of the
  meridional overturning of the southern ocean.

\bibitem[{\textit{Maximenko et~al.}(2009)\textit{Maximenko, Niiler, \~Rio,
  Melnichenko, Centurioni, Chambers, Zlotnicki, and Galperin}}]{Maximenko:09}
Maximenko, N., P.~Niiler, M.-H. \~Rio, O.~Melnichenko, L.~Centurioni,
  D.~Chambers, V.~Zlotnicki, and B.~Galperin (2009), Mean dynamic topography of
  the ocean derived from satellite and drifting buoy data using three different
  techniquesp, \textit{J.\ Atmos.\ Oceanic\ Tech.}, \textit{26}, 1910--1919.

\bibitem[{\textit{McDougall and Barker}(2011)}]{McDougall:11}
McDougall, T.~J., and P.~M. Barker (2011), Getting started with teos-10 and the
  gibbs seawater (gsw) oceanographic toolbox, \textit{Tech. rep.}, SCOR/IAPSO
  WG127.

\bibitem[{\textit{McDougall and McIntosh}(1996)}]{McDougall:96}
McDougall, T.~J., and P.~C. McIntosh (1996), The temporal-residual-mean
  velocity. part~i: Derivation and scalar conservation equations, \textit{J.\
  Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{26}, 2653--2665.

\bibitem[{\textit{McDougall and McIntosh}(2001)}]{McDougall:01}
McDougall, T.~J., and P.~C. McIntosh (2001), The temporal-residual-mean
  velocity. part~ii: Isopycnal interpretation and the tracer and momentum
  equations, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{31}, 1222--1246.

\bibitem[{\textit{McIntosh and McDougall}(1996)}]{McIntosh:96}
McIntosh, P.~C., and T.~J. McDougall (1996), Isopycnal averaging and the
  residual mean circulation, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{26},
  1655--1660.

\bibitem[{\textit{Meredith}(2011)}]{Meredith:11}
Meredith, M.~P. (2011), Cruise report: Rrs james cook jc054 (dimes uk2) 30 nov
  2010 to 8 jan 2011., \textit{Tech. rep.}, British Antarctic Survey Cruise
  Rep. 206pp.

\bibitem[{\textit{Naveira~Garabato}(2010)}]{Naveira-Garabato:10}
Naveira~Garabato, A.~C. (2010), Cruise report rrs james cook jc041 (dimes uk1)
  5 dec 2009 to 21 dec 2009, \textit{Tech. rep.}, National Oceanography Centre
  Southampton Cruise Rep. 164pp.

\bibitem[{\textit{Schmitz}(1996)}]{Schmitz:96}
Schmitz, W.~J. (1996), On the world ocean circulation: Volume ii, \textit{Tech.
  rep.}, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 237pp.

\bibitem[{\textit{S\'{e}vellec et~al.}(2015)\textit{S\'{e}vellec,
  Naveira~Garrabato, Brearley, and Sheen}}]{Sevellec:15b}
S\'{e}vellec, F., A.~C. Naveira~Garrabato, J.~A. Brearley, and K.~L. Sheen
  (2015), Vertical flow in the southern ocean estimated from individual
  moorings, \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{45}, 2209--2220.

\bibitem[{\textit{Speer et~al.}(2000)\textit{Speer, Rintoul, and
  Sloyan}}]{Speer:00}
Speer, K., S.~R. Rintoul, and B.~Sloyan (2000), The diabatic deacon cell,
  \textit{J.\ Phys.\ Oceanogr.}, \textit{30}, 3212--322.

\bibitem[{\textit{Toggweiler and Samuels}(1995)}]{Toggweiler:95}
Toggweiler, J.~R., and B.~Samuels (1995), Effect of drake passage on the global
  thermohaline circulation, \textit{Deep-Sea Res.\ Part I}, \textit{42},
  477--500.

\bibitem[{\textit{Toggweiler and Samuels}(1998)}]{Toggweiler:98}
Toggweiler, J.~R., and B.~Samuels (1998), On the ocean's large-scale
  circulation near the limit of no vertical mixing, \textit{J.\ Phys.\
  Oceanogr.}, \textit{28}, 1832--1852.

\end{thebibliography}
