TY - JOUR T1 - There's no harm in having too much: A comprehensive toolbox of methods in trophic ecology A1 - Majdi,Nabil A1 - Hette-Tronquart,Nicolas A1 - Auclair,Etienne A1 - Bec,Alexandre A1 - Chouvelon,Tiphaine A1 - Cognie,Bruno A1 - Danger,Michael A1 - Decottignies,Priscilla A1 - Dessier,Aurélie A1 - Desvilettes,Christian A1 - Dubois,Stanislas A1 - Dupuy,Christine A1 - Fritsch,Clémentine A1 - Gaucherel,Cédric A1 - Hedde,Mickaël A1 - Jabot,Franck A1 - Lefebvre,Sebastien A1 - Marzloff,Martin A1 - Pey,Benjamin A1 - Peyrard,Nathalie A1 - Powolny,Thibaut A1 - Sabbadin,Régis A1 - Thébault,Elisa A1 - Perga,Marie-Elodie AD - GRET (Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Trophique), GDR 3716 CNRS INEE INRA, France AD - Universität Bielefeld, Abteilung Tierökologie, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany AD - Université de Toulouse, EcoLab, UMR 5245 CNRS, INP, UPS, ENSAT, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France AD - Irstea, UR HYCAR, 1 rue Pierre Gilles-de-Gennes, 92160 Antony, France AD - INRA – MIAT, UR 875, INRA, 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France AD - Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, 1 impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France AD - IFREMER – BE, LBCM, Centre Atlantique, rue de l'île d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France AD - Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR 7360 CNRS, rue Claude Bernard, 57070 Metz, France AD - Université de Nantes, IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), UMR 3473 CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France AD - Université de La Rochelle, LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France AD - IFREMER – DYNECO, LEBCO, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29 280 Plouzané, France AD - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France AD - Université Montpellier, AMAP - INRA, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France AD - INRA – Eco&Sols, UMR 1222, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France AD - Irstea, UR LISC, Campus des Cézeaux, 9 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France AD - Université de Lille, LOG, UMR 8187 CNRS, ULCO, 28 Avenue Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France AD - IFREMER – Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, 150 Quai Gambetta, 62321 Boulogne-sur-mer, France AD - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France AD - University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth surface Dynamics, Lausanne, Switzerland UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00100 DO - 10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00100 KW - Food web KW - Feeding interactions KW - Flux of energy KW - Computer simulations KW - Trophic models N2 - Trophic ecology is the study of feeding interactions and food acquisition by organisms. It includes the causes and consequences of those behaviours at all levels of biological organisation. As a field of research, it crosses many disciplinary boundaries and provides knowledge that is pertinent to many other areas of ecology. Here we list and categorise the methods available to trophic ecologists whose toolbox has broadened considerably in recent years. They encompass empirical and numerical approaches with focus ranging from molecules to ecosystems. We further examine the relationship of each method to features such as the scale of observation (from microbes to largest organisms) and organisational level (from individuals to ecosystems) as well as the ecological question the method is capable of answering (from detecting predator-prey relationships to studying implications and consequences at different scales). Our survey reveals a very wide range of methodologies, each more-or-less appropriate for a particular line of research. It also identifies deficits, for example, trophic interactions at microscopic scales, for which empirical methods have hardly been used, as well as trophic models that have failed to consider fluxes at the ecosystem scale. Furthermore, we note that the combination of methodologies remains under-exploited despite great opportunities to solve complex ecological questions and to foster the emergence of new insights and hypotheses regarding organism, population and/or ecosystem properties. Y1 - 2018/12 PB - Elsevier BV JF - Food Webs SN - 2352-2496 VL - 17 ID - 59834 ER -