FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Marine Transform Faults and Fracture Zones: A Joint Perspective Integrating Seismicity, Fluid Flow and Life BT AF Hensen, Christian Duarte, Joao C. Vannucchi, Paola Mazzini, Adriano Lever, Mark A. Terrinha, Pedro Géli, Louis Henry, Pierre Villinger, Heinrich Morgan, Jason Schmidt, Mark Gutscher, Marc-Andre Bartolome, Rafael Tomonaga, Yama Polonia, Alina Gràcia, Eulàlia Tinivella, Umberta Lupi, Matteo Çağatay, M. Namık Elvert, Marcus Sakellariou, Dimitris Matias, Luis Kipfer, Rolf Karageorgis, Aristomenis P. Ruffine, Livio Liebetrau, Volker Pierre, Catherine Schmidt, Christopher Batista, Luis Gasperini, Luca Burwicz, Ewa Neres, Marta Nuzzo, Marianne AS 1:1;2:2;3:3,4;4:5;5:6;6:2,7;7:8;8:9;9:10;10:3;11:1;12:11;13:12;14:13;15:14;16:12;17:15;18:16;19:17;20:18;21:19;22:2;23:13;24:19;25:8;26:1;27:20;28:1;29:2,7;30:14;31:1;32:2,7;33:21; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:PDG-REM-GM-LAD;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:PDG-REM-GM-LCG;26:;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:;32:;33:; C1 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Earth Sciences Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland IPMA- Portuguese Institute for Atmosphere and Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Département Ressources Physiques et Ecosystèmes de Fond de Mer, Unité des Géosciences Marines, Plouzané, France Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany CNRS, IUEM, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France Barcelona-CSI, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Bologna, Italy Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland EMCOL and Faculty of Mining, Department of Geological Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece LOCEAN, UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France Integrated Geochemical Interpretation Ltd., The Granary, Hallsannery, Bideford, United Kingdom C2 IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY UNIV LISBON, PORTUGAL UNIV LONDON, UK UNIV FIRENZE, ITALY UNIV OSLO, NORWAY ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND IPMA, PORTUGAL IFREMER, FRANCE UNIV AIX MARSEILLE, FRANCE UNIV BREMEN, GERMANY UBO, FRANCE CSIC, SPAIN EAWAG, SWITZERLAND CNR ISMAR, ITALY OGS, ITALY UNIV GENEVA, SWITZERLAND UNIV TECH ISTANBUL, TURKEY UNIV BREMEN MARUM, GERMANY HELLENIC CTR MARINE RES, GREECE UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE INTEGRATED GEOCHEMICAL INTERPRETATION LTD, UK SI BREST SE PDG-REM-GM-LAD PDG-REM-GM-LCG UM LGO IN WOS Ifremer UPR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe copubli-sud IF 2.892 TC 35 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00489/60085/63422.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;transform faults;fractures zones;coupling of seismicity and fluid flow;microbial life;heat flow;fluid geochemistry;seafloor observation systems;seismic precursors AB Marine transform faults and associated fracture zones (MTFFZs) cover vast stretches of the ocean floor, where they play a key role in plate tectonics, accommodating the lateral movement of tectonic plates and allowing connections between ridges and trenches. Together with the continental counterparts of MTFFZs, these structures also pose a risk to human societies as they can generate high magnitude earthquakes and trigger tsunamis. Historical examples are the Sumatra-Wharton Basin Earthquake in 2012 (M8.6) and the Atlantic Gloria Fault Earthquake in 1941 (M8.4). Earthquakes at MTFFZs furthermore open and sustain pathways for fluid flow triggering reactions with the host rocks that may permanently change the rheological properties of the oceanic lithosphere. In fact, they may act as conduits mediating vertical fluid flow and leading to elemental exchanges between Earth’s mantle and overlying sediments. Chemicals transported upward in MTFFZs include energy substrates, such as H2 and volatile hydrocarbons, which then sustain chemosynthetic, microbial ecosystems at and below the seafloor. Moreover, up- or downwelling of fluids within the complex system of fractures and seismogenic faults along MTFFZs could modify earthquake cycles and/or serve as “detectors” for changes in the stress state during interseismic phases. Despite their likely global importance, the large areas where transform faults and fracture zones occur are still underexplored, as are the coupling mechanisms between seismic activity, fluid flow, and life. This manuscript provides an interdisciplinary review and synthesis of scientific progress at or related to MTFFZs and specifies approaches and strategies to deepen the understanding of processes that trigger, maintain, and control fluid flow at MTFFZs. PY 2019 PD MAR SO Frontiers In Earth Science SN 2296-6463 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 7 IS 39 UT 000467231500001 DI 10.3389/feart.2019.00039 ID 60085 ER EF