FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Globally Consistent Quantitative Observations of Planktonic Ecosystems BT AF Lomnard, Fabien BOSS, Emmanuel Waite, Anya M. Vogt, Meike Uitz, Julia Stemman, Lars Sosik, Heidi M. Schulz, Jan ROMAGNAN, Jean-Baptiste Picheral, Marc Pearlman, Jay Ohman, Mark D Niehoff, Barbara Möller, Klas O Miloslavich, Patricia Lara-Lpez, Ana Kudela, Raphael Lopes, Ribens M Kiko, Rainer Karp-Boss, Lee Jaffe, Jules s Iversen, Morten H Irisson, Jean-olivier Fennel, Katja Hauss, Helena Guidi, Lionel Gorsky, Gaby Giering, Sarah L.C. Gaube, Peter Gallager, Scott Dubelaar, George Cowen, Robert K Carlotti, François Briseno-Avena, Christian Berline, Léo Benoit-Bird, Kelly Bax, Nicholas Batten, Sonia Ayata, Sakina Dorothée Artigas, Luis Felipe Appeltans, Ward AS 1:1,2;2:3;3:4;4:5;5:1;6:1;7:6;8:7;9:8;10:1;11:9;12:10;13:11;14:12;15:13,14;16:13;17:15;18:16;19:17;20:3;21:10;22:11,18;23:1;24:19;25:17;26:1;27:1;28:20;29:21;30:6;31:22;32:23;33:24;34:25;35:24;36:25;37:26;38:14,27;39:1,28;40:29;41:30; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:PDG-RBE-EMH;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:;32:;33:;34:;35:;36:;37:;38:;39:;40:;41:; C1 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States Department of Oceanography, Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Ifremer Centre Atlantique, Unité Écologie et Modéles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), Nantes, France IEEE, Port Angeles, WA, United States Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Centre of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela Department of Ocean Sciences, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany MARUM and Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States CytoBuoy b.v., Woerden, Netherlands Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Aix Marseille Univ., Universite de Toulon, Marseille, France Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United States CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia The CPR Survey-MBA, Nanaimo, BC, Canada Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, IOC Project office for IODE, Oostende, Belgium C2 UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE INST UNIV FRANCE, FRANCE UNIV MAINE US, USA UNIV DALHOUSIE, CANADA ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND WHOI, USA UNIV OLDENBURG, GERMANY IFREMER, FRANCE IEEE, USA UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, USA INST A WEGENER, GERMANY HZG, GERMANY UNIV TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA UNIV SIMON BOLIVAR, VENEZUELA UNIV SANTA CRUZ, USA UNIV SAO PAULO, BRAZIL IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY UNIV BREMEN MARUM, GERMANY UNIV DALHOUSIE, CANADA NOC, UK UNIV WASHINGTON, USA CYTOBUOY BV, NETHERLANDS UNIV OREGON STATE, USA CNRS, FRANCE MBARI, USA CSIRO, AUSTRALIA CRP SURVEY MBA, CANADA MNHN, FRANCE UNIV LITTORAL COTE D'OPALE, FRANCE IOC, BELGIUM SI NANTES SE PDG-RBE-EMH IN WOS Ifremer UPR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe copubli-sud IF 5.247 TC 199 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00490/60217/63585.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;plankton;imaging;OceanObs;autonomous platforms;global observing;EOVs;ECVs AB In this paper we review the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations of particles in general—and plankton in particular—in the world oceans, and for sizes varying from sub-microns to centimeters. Some of these technologies have been available for years while others have only recently emerged. Use of these technologies is critical to improve understanding of the processes that control abundances, distributions and composition of plankton, provide data necessary to constrain and improve ecosystem and biogeochemical models, and forecast changes in marine ecosystems in light of climate change. In this paper we begin by providing the motivation for plankton observations, quantification and diversity qualification on a global scale. We then expand on the state-of-the-art, detailing a variety of relevant and (mostly) mature technologies and measurements, including bulk measurements of plankton, pigment composition, uses of genomic, optical and acoustical methods as well as analysis using particle counters, flow cytometers and quantitative imaging devices. We follow by highlighting the requirements necessary for a plankton observing system, the approach to achieve it and associated challenges. We conclude with ranked action-item recommendations for the next 10 years to move toward our vision of a holistic ocean-wide plankton observing system. Particularly, we suggest to begin with a demonstration project on a GO-SHIP line and/or a long-term observation site and expand from there, ensuring that issues associated with methods, observation tools, data analysis, quality assessment and curation are addressed early in the implementation. Global coordination is key for the success of this vision and will bring new insights on processes associated with nutrient regeneration, ocean production, fisheries and carbon sequestration. PY 2019 PD APR SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 6 IS 196 UT 000467010900001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00196 ID 60217 ER EF