FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI The Tropical Atlantic Observing System BT AF Foltz, G. R. Brandt, P. Richter, I. Rodríguez-Fonseca, B. Hernandez, F. Dengler, M. Rodrigues, R. R. Schmidt, J. O. Yu, L. Lefevre, N. Da Cunha, L. Cotrim McPhaden, M. J. Araujo, M. Karstensen, J. Hahn, J. Martín-Rey, M. Patricola, C. M. Poli, P. Zuidema, P. Hummels, R. Perez, RC Hatje, V. Lübbecke, J. F. Polo, I. Lumpkin, R. Bourlès, Bernard Asuquo, F. E. Lehodey, P. Conchon, A. Chang, P. Dandin, P. Schmid, C. Sutton, A. Giordani, H. Xue, Y. Illig, S. Losada, T. Grodsky, S. A. Gasparin, F. Lee, T. Mohino, E. Nobre, P. Wanninkhof, R. Keenlyside, N. Garcon, V. Sánchez-Gómez, E. Nnamchi, H. C. Drévillon, M. Storto, A. Remy, E. Lazar, A. Speich, S. Goes, M. Dorrington, T. Johns, W. E. Moum, J. N. Robinson, C. Perruche, Coralie de Souza, R. B. Gaye, A. T. López-Parages, J. Monerie, P.-A. Castellanos, P. Benson, N. U. Hounkonnou, M. N. Duhá, J. Trotte Laxenaire, R. Reul, Nicolas AS 1:1;2:2,3;3:4;4:5,6;5:7,8;6:2;7:9;8:10;9:11;10:12;11:13;12:14;13:8;14:2;15:2;16:15;17:16;18:17;19:18;20:2;21:1;22:19;23:2,3;24:5;25:1;26:20;27:21;28:22;29:22;30:23,24;31:25;32:1;33:14;34:25;35:26;36:27,28;37:5;38:29;39:30;40:31;41:5;42:32;43:1;44:33,34;45:27;46:15;47:2;48:30;49:35,36;50:30;51:37;52:38;53:1,39;54:40;55:18;56:41;57:42;58:30;59:32;60:43;61:5;62:44;63:45;64:46;65:47;66:48;67:38;68:49; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:;32:;33:;34:;35:;36:;37:;38:;39:;40:;41:;42:;43:;44:;45:;46:;47:;48:;49:;50:;51:;52:;53:;54:;55:;56:;57:;58:;59:;60:;61:;62:;63:;64:;65:;66:;67:;68:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM; C1 NOAA/AOML, Miami, FL, United States GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany Kiel University, Kiel, Germany Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Geociencias IGEO, UCM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain IRD, LEGOS, Mercator Océan, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil Kiel Marine Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States LOCEAN-IPSL, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France Faculdade de Oceanografia, BrOA, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, WA, United States UMR5318 CECI CNRS-CERFACS, Toulouse, France Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States Center for Marine Meteorology, Météo-France, Brest, France Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States CIEnAm, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil Centre IRD de Bretagne, Technopole Pointe du Diable, Plouzané, France Faculty of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Collecte Localisation Satellites, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France Department of Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China Direction de la Recherche, Météo-France, Toulouse, France NOAA/NCEP Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States LEGOS, CNRS/IRD/UT/CNES, Toulouse, France Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States Mercator Ocean, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France JPL, NASA, Pasadena, CA, United States Center for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies – CPTEC, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE), La Spezia, Italy LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ. Paris 06), CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, ENS, UMR Ecole Polytech 8539, Paris, France CIMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), London, United Kingdom College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom ESP, University Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang, Dakar, Senegal National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Research Laboratory of Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin Directorate General for Science, Technology and Nuclear Development of the Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Brest, France C2 NOAA, USA IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY UNIV KIEL, GERMANY JAMSTEC, JAPAN UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID, SPAIN INSTITUTO DE GEOCIENCIAS IGEO, SPAIN IRD, FRANCE UNIV FED PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL UNIV FED SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL UNIV KIEL, GERMANY WHOI, USA UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE UNIV ESTADO RIO DE JANEIRO UERJ, BRAZIL NOAA, USA CERFACS, FRANCE BERKELEY LAB, USA METEO FRANCE, FRANCE UNIV MIAMI, USA UNIV FED BAHIA, BRAZIL IRD, FRANCE UNIV CALABAR, NIGERIA CLS, FRANCE UNIV TEXAS A&M, USA UNIV OCEAN CHINA, CHINA METEO FRANCE, FRANCE NOAA, USA CNRS, FRANCE UNIV CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA UNIV MARYLAND, USA MERCATOR OCEAN, FRANCE NASA, USA INPE, BRAZIL UNIV BERGEN, NORWAY BCCR, NORWAY CMCC, ITALY CMRE, ITALY UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE CNRS, FRANCE UNIV MIAMI, USA DEFRA, UK UNIV OREGON STATE, USA UNIV E ANGLIA, UK UNIV CHEIKH ANTA DIOP (UCAD), SENEGAL UNIV READING, UK MARE, PORTUGAL UNIV COVENANT, NIGERIA UNIV ABOMEY CALAVI, BENIN DIRECTORATE GENERAL SCIENCE, BRAZIL IFREMER, FRANCE SI TOULON SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM UM LOPS IN WOS Ifremer UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-p187 copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe copubli-sud IF 5.247 TC 75 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00494/60612/64096.pdf LA English DT Article CR PIRATA DE ;tropical Atlantic Ocean;observing system;weather;climate;hurricanes;biogeochemistry;ecosystems;coupled model bias AB The tropical Atlantic is home to multiple coupled climate variations covering a wide range of timescales and impacting societally relevant phenomena such as continental rainfall, Atlantic hurricane activity, oceanic biological productivity, and atmospheric circulation in the equatorial Pacific. The tropical Atlantic also connects the southern and northern branches of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and receives freshwater input from some of the world’s largest rivers. To address these diverse, unique, and interconnected research challenges, a rich network of ocean observations has developed, building on the backbone of the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). This network has evolved naturally over time and out of necessity in order to address the most important outstanding scientific questions and to improve predictions of tropical Atlantic severe weather and global climate variability and change. The tropical Atlantic observing system is motivated by goals to understand and better predict phenomena such as tropical Atlantic interannual to decadal variability and climate change; multidecadal variability and its links to the meridional overturning circulation; air-sea fluxes of CO2 and their implications for the fate of anthropogenic CO2; the Amazon River plume and its interactions with biogeochemistry, vertical mixing, and hurricanes; the highly productive eastern boundary and equatorial upwelling systems; and oceanic oxygen minimum zones, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. Past success of the tropical Atlantic observing system is the result of an international commitment to sustained observations and scientific cooperation, a willingness to evolve with changing research and monitoring needs, and a desire to share data openly with the scientific community and operational centers. The observing system must continue to evolve in order to meet an expanding set of research priorities and operational challenges. This paper discusses the tropical Atlantic observing system, including emerging scientific questions that demand sustained ocean observations, the potential for further integration of the observing system, and the requirements for sustaining and enhancing the tropical Atlantic observing system. PY 2019 PD MAY SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 6 IS 206 UT 000467657000001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00206 ID 60612 ER EF