Peripatric speciation drives diversification and distributional pattern of reef Hermit Crabs (Decapoda: Diogenidae: Calcinus)

Type Article
Date 2010-03
Language English
Author(s) Malay Maria Celia (machel) D.1, 2, Paulay Gustav1, 2
Affiliation(s) 1 : Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
2 : Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Source Evolution (0014-3820) (Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc), 2010-03 , Vol. 64 , N. 3 , P. 634-662
DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00848.x
WOS© Times Cited 108
Keyword(s) Allopatric speciation, biodiversity, biogeography, color pattern evolution, circumtropical speciation, coral reef, coral triangle, cryptic species, crustacea, ESU, Indo-Malayan hot spot, molecular phylogenetics, sympatric speciation
Abstract

The diversity on coral reefs has long captivated observers. We examine the mechanisms of speciation, role of ecology in speciation, and patterns of species distribution in a typical reef-associated clade-the diverse and colorful Calcinus hermit crabs-to address the origin of tropical marine diversity. We sequenced COI, 16S, and H3 gene regions for similar to 90% of 56 putative species, including nine undescribed, "cryptic" taxa, and mapped their distributions. Speciation in Calcinus is largely peripatric at remote locations. Allopatric species pairs are younger than sympatric ones, and molecular clock analyses suggest that > 2 million years are needed for secondary sympatry. Substantial niche conservatism is evident within clades, as well as a few major ecological shifts between sister species. Color patterns follow species boundaries and evolve rapidly, suggesting a role in species recognition. Most species prefer and several are restricted to oceanic areas, suggesting great dispersal abilities and giving rise to an ocean-centric diversity pattern. Calcinus diversity patterns are atypical in that the diversity peaks in the west-central oceanic Pacific rather than in the Indo-Malayan "diversity center." Calcinus speciation patterns do not match well-worn models put forth to explain the origin of Indo-West Pacific diversity, but underscore the complexity of marine diversification.

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