FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves BT AF ARDHUIN, Fabrice Brandt, Peter Gaultier, Lucile Donlon, Craig Battaglia, Alessandro Boy, François Casal, Tania CHAPRON, Bertrand Collard, Fabrice Cravatte, Sophie Delouis, Jean Marc De Witte, Erik Dibarboure, Gerald Engen, Geir Johnsen, Harald Lique, Camille Lopez-Dekker, Paco Maes, Christophe Martin, Adrien Marié, Louis Menemenlis, Dimitris Nouguier, Frederic Peureux, Charles Rampal, Pierre Ressler, Gerhard Rio, Marie-Helene Rommen, Bjorn Shutler, Jamie D. Suess, Martin Tsamados, Michel Ubelmann, Clement van Sebille, Erik van den Oever, Martin Stammer, Detlef AS 1:20;2:2,3;3:4;4:5;5:6;6:7;7:5;8:1;9:4;10:8;11:20;12:5;13:7;14:9;15:9;16:1;17:10;18:21;19:11;20:1;21:12;22:1;23:20;24:13;25:5;26:14;27:20;28:15;29:5;30:16;31:17;32:18;33:6;34:19; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:PDG-ODE-LOPS-OH;17:;18:;19:;20:PDG-ODE-LOPS-OC;21:;22:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;23:;24:;25:;26:;27:;28:;29:;30:;31:;32:;33:;34:; C1 Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Brest, France GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany Kiel University, Kiel, Germany OceanDataLab, Brest, France European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France LEGOS, University of Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France Norut Information Technology Ltd., Tromsø, Norway Geoscience and Remote Sensing Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands National Oceanography Center, Southampton, United Kingdom Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway European Space Agency, Frascati, Italy Center for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Earth Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom Collecte Localisation Satellites, Ramonville Saint Agne, France Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Centrum für Erdsystemforschung und Nachhaltigkeit, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany C2 IFREMER, FRANCE IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY UNIV KIEL, GERMANY OCEANDATALAB, FRANCE ESA, NETHERLANDS UNIV LEICESTER, UK CNES, FRANCE UNIV TOULOUSE, FRANCE NORUT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LTD., NORWAY UNIV DELFT, NETHERLANDS NOC, UK JET PROP LAB, USA NERSC, NORWAY ESA, ITALY UNIV EXETER, UK UNIV COLL LONDON, UK CLS, FRANCE UNIV UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS UNIV HAMBURG, GERMANY CNRS, FRANCE IRD, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM PDG-ODE-LOPS-OH PDG-ODE-LOPS-OC UM LOPS IN WOS Ifremer UMR WOS Cotutelle UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-p187 copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 5.247 TC 44 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00498/60964/64372.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;ocean current;tropics;Arctic;Doppler;altimetry;sea state;remote sensing;ocean waves AB The Sea surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) satellite mission is designed to explore ocean surface current and waves. This includes tropical currents, notably the poorly known patterns of divergence and their impact on the ocean heat budget, and monitoring of the emerging Arctic up to 82.5°N. SKIM will also make unprecedented direct measurements of strong currents, from boundary currents to the Antarctic circumpolar current, and their interaction with ocean waves with expected impacts on air-sea fluxes and extreme waves. For the first time, SKIM will directly measure the ocean surface current vector from space. The main instrument on SKIM is a Ka-band conically scanning, multi-beam Doppler radar altimeter/wave scatterometer that includes a state-of-the-art nadir beam comparable to the Poseidon-4 instrument on Sentinel 6. The well proven Doppler pulse-pair technique will give a surface drift velocity representative of the top meter of the ocean, after subtracting a large wave-induced contribution. Horizontal velocity components will be obtained with an accuracy better than 7 cm/s for horizontal wavelengths larger than 80 km and time resolutions larger than 15 days, with a mean revisit time of 4 days for of 99% of the global oceans. This will provide unique and innovative measurements that will further our understanding of the transports in the upper ocean layer, permanently distributing heat, carbon, plankton, and plastics. SKIM will also benefit from co-located measurements of water vapor, rain rate, sea ice concentration, and wind vectors provided by the European operational satellite MetOp-SG(B), allowing many joint analyses. SKIM is one of the two candidate satellite missions under development for ESA Earth Explorer 9. The other candidate is the Far infrared Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM). The final selection will be announced by September 2019, for a launch in the coming decade. PY 2019 PD APR SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 6 IS 209 UT 000467012900001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00209 ID 60964 ER EF