FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Satellite Salinity Observing System: Recent Discoveries and the Way Forward BT AF Vinogradova, Nadya Lee, Tong Boutin, Jacqueline Drushka, Kyla Fournier, Severine Sabia, Roberto Stammer, Detlef Bayler, Eric Reul, Nicolas Gordon, Arnold Melnichenko, Oleg Li, Laifang Hackert, Eric Martin, Matthew Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas Hasson, Audrey Brown, Shannon Misra, Sidharth Lindstrom, Eric AS 1:1,2;2:3;3:4;4:5;5:3;6:6;7:7;8:8;9:9;10:10;11:11;12:12;13:13;14:14;15:4;16:4;17:3;18:3;19:1; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:;19:; C1 NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, Washington, DC, United States Cambridge Climate Institute, Boston, MA, United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne University, Paris, France Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Telespazio VEGA UK Ltd., Frascati, Italy Remote Sensing and Assimilation, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany STAR - NOAA / NESDIS, College Park, MD, United States Ifremer, Laboratory for Ocean Physics and Satellite Remote Sensing, Brest, France Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawai‘i System, Honolulu, HI, United States Nicolas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom C2 NASA, USA CAMBRIDGE CLIMATE INSTITUTE, USA JET PROP LAB, USA UNIV PARIS 06, FRANCE UNIV WASHINGTON, USA TELESPAZIO VEGA UK LTD., ITALY UNIV HAMBURG, GERMANY NOAA, USA IFREMER, FRANCE UNIV COLUMBIA, USA UNIV HAWAII, USA UNIV DUKE, USA NASA, USA MET OFFICE, UK SI TOULON SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM UM LOPS IN WOS Ifremer UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-univ-france copubli-int-hors-europe IF 5.247 TC 106 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00498/60985/64391.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;salinity;remote sensing;Earth's observing systems;future satellite missions;SMAP;SMOS;Aquarius AB Advances in L-band microwave satellite radiometry in the past decade, pioneered by ESA’s SMOS and NASA’s Aquarius and SMAP missions, have demonstrated an unprecedented capability to observe global sea surface salinity (SSS) from space. Measurements from these missions are the only means to probe the very-near surface salinity (top cm), providing a unique monitoring capability for the interfacial exchanges of water between the atmosphere and the upper-ocean, and delivering a wealth of information on various salinity processes in the ocean, linkages with the climate and water cycle, including land-sea connections, and providing constraints for ocean prediction models. The satellite SSS data are complimentary to the existing in situ systems such as Argo that provide accurate depiction of large-scale salinity variability in the open ocean but under-sample mesoscale variability, coastal oceans and marginal seas, and energetic regions such as boundary currents and fronts. In particular, salinity remote sensing has proven valuable to systematically monitor the open oceans as well as coastal regions up to approximately 40 km from the coasts. This is critical to addressing societally relevant topics, such as land-sea linkages, coastal-open ocean exchanges, research in the carbon cycle, near-surface mixing, and air-sea exchange of gas and mass. In this paper, we provide a community perspective on the major achievements of satellite SSS for the aforementioned topics, the unique capability of satellite salinity observing system and its complementarity with other platforms, uncertainty characteristics of satellite SSS, and measurement versus sampling errors in relation to in situ salinity measurements. We also discuss the need for technological innovations to improve the accuracy, resolution, and coverage of satellite SSS, and the way forward to both continue and enhance salinity remote sensing as part of the integrated Earth Observing System in order to address societal needs. PY 2019 PD MAY SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 6 IS 243 UT 000468821000001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00243 ID 60985 ER EF