TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic ecology of Marine Group II, the most common marine planktonic Archaea across the surface ocean A1 - Pereira,Olivier A1 - Hochart,Corentin A1 - Auguet,Jean-Christophe A1 - Debroas,Didier A1 - Galand,Pierre E. AD - Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls sur Mer, France AD - Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, UMR 6023 CNRS – Université Blaise Pascal Aubière France AD - Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC) Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER Montpellier France UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00505/61676/ DO - 10.1002/mbo3.852 KW - 16S rRNA KW - Euryarchaeota KW - global ocean KW - metagenomics KW - poseidoniales KW - proteorhodopsin N2 - Planktonic Archaea have been detected in all the world's oceans and are found from surface waters to the deep sea. The two most common Archaea phyla are Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Euryarchaeota are generally more common in surface waters, but very little is known about their ecology and their potential metabolisms. In this study, we explore the genomic ecology of the Marine Group II (MGII), the main marine planktonic Euryarchaeota, and test if it is composed of different ecologically relevant units. We re‐analyzed Tara Oceans metagenomes from the photic layer and the deep ocean by annotating sequences against a custom MGII database and by mapping gene co‐occurrences. Our data provide a global view of the distribution of Euryarchaeota, and more specifically of MGII subgroups, and reveal their association to a number of gene‐coding sequences. In particular, we show that MGII proteorhodopsins were detected in both the surface and the deep chlorophyll maximum layer and that different clusters of these light harvesting proteins were present. Our approach helped describing the set of genes found together with specific MGII subgroups. We could thus define genomic environments that could theoretically describe ecologically meaningful units and the ecological niche that they occupy. Y1 - 2019/09 PB - Wiley JF - Microbiologyopen SN - 2045-8827 VL - 8 IS - 9 ID - 61676 ER -