TY - JOUR T1 - On the Future of Argo: A Global, Full-Depth, Multi-Disciplinary Array A1 - Roemmich,Dean A1 - Alford,Matthew H. A1 - Claustre,Hervé A1 - Johnson,Kenneth A1 - King,Brian A1 - Moum,James A1 - Oke,Peter A1 - Owens,W. Brechner A1 - Pouliquen,Sylvie A1 - Purkey,Sarah A1 - Scanderbeg,Megan A1 - Suga,Toshio A1 - Wijffels,Susan A1 - Zilberman,Nathalie A1 - Bakker,Dorothee A1 - Baringer,Molly A1 - Belbeoch,Mathieu A1 - Bittig,Henry C. A1 - Boss,Emmanuel A1 - Calil,Paulo A1 - Carse,Fiona A1 - Carval,Thierry A1 - Chai,Fei A1 - Conchubhair,Diarmuid Ó. A1 - D’ortenzio,Fabrizio A1 - Dall’olmo,Giorgio A1 - Desbruyeres,Damien A1 - Fennel,Katja A1 - Fer,Ilker A1 - Ferrari,Raffaele A1 - Forget,Gael A1 - Freeland,Howard A1 - Fujiki,Tetsuichi A1 - Gehlen,Marion A1 - Greenan,Blair A1 - Hallberg,Robert A1 - Hibiya,Toshiyuki A1 - Hosoda,Shigeki A1 - Jayne,Steven A1 - Jochum,Markus A1 - Johnson,Gregory C. A1 - Kang,Kiryong A1 - Kolodziejczyk,Nicolas A1 - Körtzinger,Arne A1 - Traon,Pierre-Yves Le A1 - Lenn,Yueng-Djern A1 - Maze,Guillaume A1 - Mork,Kjell Arne A1 - Morris,Tamaryn A1 - Nagai,Takeyoshi A1 - Nash,Jonathan A1 - Garabato,Alberto Naveira A1 - Olsen,Are A1 - Pattabhi,Rama Rao A1 - Prakash,Satya A1 - Riser,Stephen A1 - Schmechtig,Catherine A1 - Schmid,Claudia A1 - Shroyer,Emily A1 - Sterl,Andreas A1 - Sutton,Philip A1 - Talley,Lynne A1 - Tanhua,Toste A1 - Thierry,Virginie A1 - Thomalla,Sandy A1 - Toole,John A1 - Troisi,Ariel A1 - Trull,Thomas W. A1 - Turton,Jon A1 - Velez-Belchi,Pedro Joaquin A1 - Walczowski,Waldemar A1 - Wang,Haili A1 - Wanninkhof,Rik A1 - Waterhouse,Amy F. A1 - Waterman,Stephanie A1 - Watson,Andrew A1 - Wilson,Cara A1 - Wong,Annie P. S. A1 - Xu,Jianping A1 - Yasuda,Ichiro AD - Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States AD - French National Center for Scientific Research, Villefranche Oceanographic Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France AD - Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United States AD - National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom AD - College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States AD - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS, Australia AD - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States AD - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France AD - Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan AD - School of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom AD - Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, United States AD - JCOMMOPS, Brest, France AD - School of Marine Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States AD - Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany AD - UK Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom AD - State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China AD - Irish Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland AD - Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom AD - Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada AD - Physical Oceanography, Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway AD - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States AD - Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada AD - Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan AD - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette, France AD - Bedford Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States AD - Graduate School of Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan AD - Neils Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, United States AD - Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul, South Korea AD - CNRS-IRD-Ifremer, LOPS Laboratory, University of Brest, Brest, France AD - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany AD - Mercator-Ocean, Brest, France AD - School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway AD - Marine Research Unit, South African Weather Service, Cape Town, South Africa AD - Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan AD - Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad, India AD - School of Oceanography, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States AD - French National Center for Scientific Research, OSU Ecce Terra, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France AD - Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, Netherlands AD - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand AD - Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa AD - Servício de Hídrografia Naval, Buenos Aires, Argentina AD - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Canary Islands, Spain AD - Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland AD - State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China AD - Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada AD - Earth System Science Group, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom AD - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Grove, CA, United States AD - Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00509/62043/ DO - 10.3389/fmars.2019.00439 KW - Argo KW - floats KW - global KW - ocean KW - warming KW - circulation KW - temperature KW - salinity N2 - The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean temperature and salinity versus pressure, from the sea surface to 2000 dbar. The successful installation of the Argo array and its innovative data management system arose opportunistically from the combination of great scientific need and technological innovation. Through the data system, Argo provides fundamental physical observations with broad societally-valuable applications, built on the cost-efficient and robust technologies of autonomous profiling floats. Following recent advances in platform and sensor technologies, even greater opportunity exists now than 20 years ago to (i) improve Argo’s global coverage and value beyond the original design, (ii) extend Argo to span the full ocean depth, (iii) add biogeochemical sensors for improved understanding of oceanic cycles of carbon, nutrients, and ecosystems, and (iv) consider experimental sensors that might be included in the future, for example to document the spatial and temporal patterns of ocean mixing. For Core Argo and each of these enhancements, the past, present, and future progression along a path from experimental deployments to regional pilot arrays to global implementation is described. The objective is to create a fully global, top-to-bottom, dynamically complete, and multidisciplinary Argo Program that will integrate seamlessly with satellite and with other in situ elements of the Global Ocean Observing System (Legler et al., 2015). The integrated system will deliver operational reanalysis and forecasting capability, and assessment of the state and variability of the climate system with respect to physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems parameters. It will enable basic research of unprecedented breadth and magnitude, and a wealth of ocean-education and outreach opportunities. Y1 - 2019/08 PB - Frontiers Media SA JF - Frontiers In Marine Science SN - 2296-7745 VL - 6 IS - 439 ID - 62043 ER -