FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Integrated Observations of Global Surface Winds, Currents, and Waves: Requirements and Challenges for the Next Decade BT AF Villas Bôas, Ana B. ARDHUIN, Fabrice Ayet, Alex Bourassa, Mark A. Brandt, Peter Chapron, Bertrand Cornuelle, Bruce D. Farrar, J. T. Fewings, Melanie R. Fox-Kemper, Baylor Gille, Sarah T. Gommenginger, Christine Heimbach, Patrick Hell, Momme C. Li, Qing Mazloff, Matthew R. Merrifield, Sophia T. Mouche, Alexis Rodriguez, Ernesto Shutler, Jamie D. Subramanian, Aneesh C. Terrill, Eric J. Tsamados, Michel Ubelmann, Clement van Sebille, Erik AS 1:1;2:18;3:2,3;4:4;5:5,6;6:2;7:1;8:7;9:8;10:9;11:1;12:10;13:11;14:1;15:9;16:1;17:1;18:2;19:12;20:13;21:14;22:1;23:1;24:15;25:16;26:17; FF 1:;2:;3:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;4:;5:;6:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:;14:;15:;16:;17:;18:PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM;19:;20:;21:;22:;23:;24:;25:;26:; C1 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, IUEM, Brest, France LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France COAPS, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel, Germany Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States Los Alamos National Laboratory (DOE), Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States Department of Earth Observation Projects, European Space Agency, Paris, France Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Earth Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom CLS, Toulouse, France Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, IUEM, Brest, France C2 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, USA IFREMER, FRANCE ENS, FRANCE UNIV FLORIDA STATE, USA IFM GEOMAR, GERMANY UNIV KIEL, GERMANY WHOI, USA UNIV OREGON STATE, USA UNIV BROWN, USA NOC, UK UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN, USA ESA, FRANCE JET PROP LAB, USA UNIV EXETER, UK UNIV COLL LONDON, UK CLS, FRANCE UNIV UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS CNRS, FRANCE SI BREST SE PDG-ODE-LOPS-SIAM UM LOPS IN WOS Ifremer UMR WOS Cotutelle UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-int-hors-europe IF 5.247 TC 54 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00509/62083/66271.pdf LA English DT Article DE ;air-sea interactions;Doppler oceanography from space;surface waves;absolute surface velocity;ocean surface winds AB Ocean surface winds, currents, and waves play a crucial role in exchanges of momentum, energy, heat, freshwater, gases, and other tracers between the ocean, atmosphere, and ice. Despite surface waves being strongly coupled to the upper ocean circulation and the overlying atmosphere, efforts to improve ocean, atmospheric, and wave observations and models have evolved somewhat independently. From an observational point of view, community efforts to bridge this gap have led to proposals for satellite Doppler oceanography mission concepts, which could provide unprecedented measurements of absolute surface velocity and directional wave spectrum at global scales. This paper reviews the present state of observations of surface winds, currents, and waves, and it outlines observational gaps that limit our current understanding of coupled processes that happen at the air-sea-ice interface. A significant challenge for the coming decade of wind, current, and wave observations will come in combining and interpreting measurements from (a) wave-buoys and high-frequency radars in coastal regions, (b) surface drifters and wave-enabled drifters in the open-ocean, marginal ice zones, and wave-current interaction “hot-spots,” and (c) simultaneous measurements of absolute surface currents, ocean surface wind vector, and directional wave spectrum from Doppler satellite sensors. PY 2019 PD JUN SO Frontiers In Marine Science SN 2296-7745 PU Frontiers Media SA VL 6 IS 425 UT 000476942100001 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00425 ID 62083 ER EF