Calibration of acoustic instruments

Type Article
Date 2015-05
Language English
Author(s) Demer Da1, Berger LaurentORCID2, Bernasconi M3, Bethke E4, Boswell K5, Chu D6, Domokos R7, Dunford A8, Fassler S9, Gauthier S10, Hufnagle Lt11, Jech Jm12, Le Bouffant Naig13, Lebourges-Dhaussy Anne14, Lurton Xavier, Macaulay Gj16, Perrot Yannick17, Ryan T18, Parker-Stetter S19, Stienessen S20, Weber T21, Williamson N22
Affiliation(s) 1 : NOAA Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Science Center 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive La Jolla, California 92037, USA
2 : Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280, Plouzané, France
3 : Institute of Marine Research Nordnesgaten 50 5005 Bergen, Norway
4 : Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg, Germany
5 : Florida International University 3000 NE 151st St. MSB355 North Miami, Florida 33181, USA
6 : NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112, USA
7 : NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA
8 : 301 Evans Bay Parade Hataitai Private Bag 14901 Wellington 6021, New Zealand
9 : IMARES Wageningen UR Haringkade 1 1976 CP IJmuiden, The Netherlands
10 : Fisheries and Oceans Canada Institute of Ocean Sciences 9860 West Saanich Road P.O Box 6000 Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 4B2, Canada
11 : NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112, USA
12 : NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center 166 Water Street Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
13 : French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280 Plouzané, France
14 : Research Institute for Development IRD Bretagne ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280 Plouzané, France
15 : French Reserach Institute for Exploitation of the Sea Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280 Plouzané, France
16 : Institute of Marine Research Nordnesgaten 50 5005 Bergen, Norway
17 : Research Institute for Development IRD Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280 Plouzané, France
18 : NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112, USA
19 : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship GPO Box 1538 Hobart, TAS, 7001 Australia
20 : NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4 Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
21 : Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping University of New Hampshire 24 Colovos Road Durham, NH 03824, USA
22 : NOAA Fisheries - retired Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4 Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
Source ICES Cooperative Research Report (1017-6195) (ICES), 2015-05 , N. 326 , P. 133p.
DOI 10.17895/ices.pub.5494
Note ISBN 978-87-7482-167-0
Abstract

Acoustic instrument calibration is fundamental to the quantitative use of its data for estimating aquatic resource abundance. Regular calibrations also allow instrument performance to be monitored to detect changes due to the environment or component dynamics, degradation, or failure. This is the second ICES Cooperative Research Report (CRR) focussed on calibrations of acoustic instruments. The first, CRR No. 144 (Foote et al., 1987), was published during the era of analogue electronics more than a quarter of a century ago. Since then, not only has the acoustic equipment improved vastly with digital electronics and signal processing, but the techniques for applying them to studies of marine organisms have both advanced and diversified. Motivating, facilitating, and expediting these developments is the work of the Fisheries Acoustics, Science and Technology Working Group (WGFAST) of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). CRR No. 144 guided the fisheries acoustics community to uniformly apply the sphere method to calibrate survey equipment, generally single-frequency, split-beam echosounders. Today, surveys of fishery resources are conducted using a large variety of acoustic instruments including, but not limited to, single-frequency, multifrequency, single-beam, split-beam, broad bandwidth, and multibeam echosounders; side-scan and scanning sonars; acoustic Doppler current profilers; and acoustic cameras. These instruments differ in the ways in which they function, are utilized, and the types of measurements they provide. In most cases, they also require different calibration techniques for optimizing the accuracy and characterizing the precision of the measurements. With technological innovation proceeding at an ever faster pace, the challenge to create a comprehensive and practical guide to calibrating acoustic instruments is formidable. Obviously, not all acoustic instrumentation and methods are addressed here. The ones that are addressed are in various states of maturity. Therefore, the practical aims of this CRR are to document (i) acoustic instruments currently used in fisheries research and surveys, (ii) theoretical principles of calibrating these instruments, and (iii) methods currently being practiced for a selection of commonly used instruments. To meet these goals, the WGFAST formed the Study Group on Calibration of Acoustic Instruments (SGCal) at its meeting in April 2009. The SGCal first met in San Diego, CA, USA in April 2010 to outline the document. Some chapters were drafted intersessionally. The SGCal met for the second time in Reykjavik, Iceland in May 2011 to collectively review some draft chapters. The drafts were refined intersessionally and merged. The draft CRR was collectively reviewed at meetings of the SGCal, in Pasaia, Spain in April 2013 and in New Bedford, MA, USA in May 2014. Multiple independent reviewers provided input, and the final editing was completed in 2014. The authors hope that this CRR will be a valuable reference to both novice and experienced users of fishery acoustic instruments, but recognize that it is a provisional guide that requires refinement and update as the field continues to progress.

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Demer Da, Berger Laurent, Bernasconi M, Bethke E, Boswell K, Chu D, Domokos R, Dunford A, Fassler S, Gauthier S, Hufnagle Lt, Jech Jm, Le Bouffant Naig, Lebourges-Dhaussy Anne, Lurton Xavier, Macaulay Gj, Perrot Yannick, Ryan T, Parker-Stetter S, Stienessen S, Weber T, Williamson N (2015). Calibration of acoustic instruments. ICES Cooperative Research Report, (326), 133p. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5494 , Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00586/69821/