FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Calibration of acoustic instruments BT AF DEMER, DA BERGER, Laurent BERNASCONI, M BETHKE, E BOSWELL, K CHU, D DOMOKOS, R DUNFORD, A FASSLER, S GAUTHIER, S HUFNAGLE, LT JECH, JM LE BOUFFANT, Naig LEBOURGES-DHAUSSY, Anne LURTON, Xavier MACAULAY, GJ PERROT, Yannick RYAN, T PARKER-STETTER, S STIENESSEN, S WEBER, T WILLIAMSON, N AS 1:1;2:2;3:3;4:4;5:5;6:6;7:7;8:8;9:9;10:10;11:11;12:12;13:13;14:14;15:;16:16;17:17;18:18;19:19;20:20;21:21;22:22; FF 1:;2:PDG-DFO-NSE-ASTI;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:;11:;12:;13:PDG-DFO-NSE-ASTI;14:;15:PDG-DFO-NSE-ASTI;16:;17:;18:;19:;20:;21:;22:; C1 NOAA Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Science Center 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive La Jolla, California 92037, USA Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280, Plouzané, France Institute of Marine Research Nordnesgaten 50 5005 Bergen, Norway Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg, Germany Florida International University 3000 NE 151st St. MSB355 North Miami, Florida 33181, USA NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112, USA NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA 301 Evans Bay Parade Hataitai Private Bag 14901 Wellington 6021, New Zealand IMARES Wageningen UR Haringkade 1 1976 CP IJmuiden, The Netherlands Fisheries and Oceans Canada Institute of Ocean Sciences 9860 West Saanich Road P.O Box 6000 Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 4B2, Canada NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112, USA NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center 166 Water Street Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280 Plouzané, France Research Institute for Development IRD Bretagne ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280 Plouzané, France French Reserach Institute for Exploitation of the Sea Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280 Plouzané, France Institute of Marine Research Nordnesgaten 50 5005 Bergen, Norway Research Institute for Development IRD Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable 29280 Plouzané, France NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112, USA Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship GPO Box 1538 Hobart, TAS, 7001 Australia NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4 Seattle, Washington 98115, USA Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping University of New Hampshire 24 Colovos Road Durham, NH 03824, USA NOAA Fisheries - retired Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4 Seattle, Washington 98115, USA C2 NOAA, USA IFREMER, FRANCE INST MAR RES, NORWAY THUNEN INST SEA FISHERIES, GERMANY UNIV FLORIDA INT, USA NOAA, USA NOAA, USA 301 Evans Bay Parade Hataitai Private Bag 14901 Wellington 6021, New Zealand IMARES, NETHERLAND FISHERIES & OCEANS, CANADA NOAA, USA NOAA, USA IFREMER, FRANCE IRD, FRANCE IFREMER, FRANCE INST MAR RES, NORWAY IRD, FRANCE NOAA, USA CSIRO, AUSTRALIA NOAA, USA UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA NOAA, USA SI BREST SE PDG-DFO-NSE-ASTI IRD TC 0 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00586/69821/67711.pdf LA English DT Article AB Acoustic instrument calibration is fundamental to the quantitative use of its data for estimating aquatic resource abundance. Regular calibrations also allow instrument performance to be monitored to detect changes due to the environment or component dynamics, degradation, or failure. This is the second ICES Cooperative Research Report (CRR) focussed on calibrations of acoustic instruments. The first, CRR No. 144 (Foote et al., 1987), was published during the era of analogue electronics more than a quarter of a century ago. Since then, not only has the acoustic equipment improved vastly with digital electronics and signal processing, but the techniques for applying them to studies of marine organisms have both advanced and diversified. Motivating, facilitating, and expediting these developments is the work of the Fisheries Acoustics, Science and Technology Working Group (WGFAST) of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). CRR No. 144 guided the fisheries acoustics community to uniformly apply the sphere method to calibrate survey equipment, generally single-frequency, split-beam echosounders. Today, surveys of fishery resources are conducted using a large variety of acoustic instruments including, but not limited to, single-frequency, multifrequency, single-beam, split-beam, broad bandwidth, and multibeam echosounders; side-scan and scanning sonars; acoustic Doppler current profilers; and acoustic cameras. These instruments differ in the ways in which they function, are utilized, and the types of measurements they provide. In most cases, they also require different calibration techniques for optimizing the accuracy and characterizing the precision of the measurements. With technological innovation proceeding at an ever faster pace, the challenge to create a comprehensive and practical guide to calibrating acoustic instruments is formidable. Obviously, not all acoustic instrumentation and methods are addressed here. The ones that are addressed are in various states of maturity. Therefore, the practical aims of this CRR are to document (i) acoustic instruments currently used in fisheries research and surveys, (ii) theoretical principles of calibrating these instruments, and (iii) methods currently being practiced for a selection of commonly used instruments. To meet these goals, the WGFAST formed the Study Group on Calibration of Acoustic Instruments (SGCal) at its meeting in April 2009. The SGCal first met in San Diego, CA, USA in April 2010 to outline the document. Some chapters were drafted intersessionally. The SGCal met for the second time in Reykjavik, Iceland in May 2011 to collectively review some draft chapters. The drafts were refined intersessionally and merged. The draft CRR was collectively reviewed at meetings of the SGCal, in Pasaia, Spain in April 2013 and in New Bedford, MA, USA in May 2014. Multiple independent reviewers provided input, and the final editing was completed in 2014. The authors hope that this CRR will be a valuable reference to both novice and experienced users of fishery acoustic instruments, but recognize that it is a provisional guide that requires refinement and update as the field continues to progress. PY 2015 PD MAY SO ICES Cooperative Research Report SN 1017-6195 PU ICES IS 326 DI 10.17895/ices.pub.5494 ID 69821 ER EF