FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Venom Diversity and Evolution in the Most Divergent Cone Snail Genus Profundiconus BT AF Fassio, Giulia Modica, Maria Vittoria Mary, Lou Zaharias, Paul Fedosov, Alexander E. Gorson, Juliette Kantor, Yuri I. Holford, Mandё Puillandre, Nicolas AS 1:1;2:2,3;3:4;4:4;5:5;6:6,7,8;7:5;8:6,7,8;9:4; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:; C1 Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antillles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 26, 75005 Paris, France A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russian Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Invertebrate Zoology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA Biology, Biochemistry, and Chemistry programs of The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA C2 UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, ITALY STAZ ZOOL ANTON DOHRN, ITALY UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE MNHN, FRANCE RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, RUSSIAN CUNY, USA NHM, USA CUNY, USA IN DOAJ IF 2.13 TC 15 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00589/70155/68142.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00589/70155/68143.zip LA English DT Article CR KANACONO BO Alis DE ;Conidae;conotoxins;turripeptides;transcriptome;venom gland AB Profundiconus is the most divergent cone snail genus and its unique phylogenetic position, sister to the rest of the family Conidae, makes it a key taxon for examining venom evolution and diversity. Venom gland and foot transcriptomes of Profundiconus cf. vaubani and Profundiconus neocaledonicus were de novo assembled, annotated, and analyzed for differential expression. One hundred and thirty-seven venom components were identified from P. cf. vaubani and 82 from P. neocaledonicus, with only four shared by both species. The majority of the transcript diversity was composed of putative peptides, including conotoxins, profunditoxins, turripeptides, insulin, and prohormone-4. However, there were also a significant percentage of other putative venom components such as chymotrypsin and L-rhamnose-binding lectin. The large majority of conotoxins appeared to be from new gene superfamilies, three of which are highly different from previously reported venom peptide toxins. Their low conotoxin diversity and the type of insulin found suggested that these species, for which no ecological information are available, have a worm or molluscan diet associated with a narrow dietary breadth. Our results indicate that Profundiconus venom is highly distinct from that of other cone snails, and therefore important for examining venom evolution in the Conidae family. PY 2019 PD NOV SO Toxins SN 2072-6651 PU MDPI AG VL 11 IS 11 UT 000501604700026 DI 10.3390/toxins11110623 ID 70155 ER EF