FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Pathways of ocean heat towards Pine Island and Thwaites grounding lines BT AF Nakayama, Yoshihiro Manucharyan, Georgy Zhang, Hong Dutrieux, Pierre Torres, Hector S. Klein, Patrice Seroussi, Helene Schodlok, Michael Rignot, Eric Menemenlis, Dimitris AS 1:1,2;2:3;3:1;4:4;5:1;6:1,5;7:1;8:1;9:1;10:1,6; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;10:; C1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, NY, USA Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, IFREMER‐CNRS‐IRD‐UBO, Plouzané, France Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA C2 JET PROP LAB, USA UNIV HOKKAIDO, JAPAN CALTECH, USA UNIV COLUMBIA, USA CNRS, FRANCE UNIV CALIF IRVINE, USA UM LOPS IN WOS Cotutelle UMR DOAJ copubli-int-hors-europe IF 3.998 TC 40 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00593/70560/68742.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00593/70560/68743.pdf LA English DT Article AB In the Amundsen Sea, modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) intrudes into ice shelf cavities, causing high ice shelf melting near the ice sheet grounding lines, accelerating ice flow, and controlling the pace of future Antarctic contributions to global sea level. The pathways of mCDW towards grounding lines are crucial as they directly control the heat reaching the ice. A realistic representation of mCDW circulation, however, remains challenging due to the sparsity of in-situ observations and the difficulty of ocean models to reproduce the available observations. In this study, we use an unprecedentedly high-resolution (200 m horizontal and 10 m vertical grid spacing) ocean model that resolves shelf-sea and sub-ice-shelf environments in qualitative agreement with existing observations during austral summer conditions. We demonstrate that the waters reaching the Pine Island and Thwaites grounding lines follow specific, topographically-constrained routes, all passing through a relatively small area located around 104°W and 74.3°S. The temporal and spatial variabilities of ice shelf melt rates are dominantly controlled by the sub-ice shelf ocean current. Our findings highlight the importance of accurate and high-resolution ocean bathymetry and subglacial topography for determining mCDW pathways and ice shelf melt rates. PY 2019 PD NOV SO Scientific Reports SN 2045-2322 PU Springer Science and Business Media LLC VL 9 IS 1 UT 000498056300001 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-53190-6 ID 70560 ER EF