FN Archimer Export Format PT J TI Global ocean freshening, ocean mass increase and global mean sea level rise over 2005–2015 BT AF Llovel, William Purkey, S. Meyssignac, B. Blazquez, A. Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas Bamber, J. AS 1:1,3;2:2;3:1;4:1;5:5;6:4; FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:; C1 LEGOS, CNES/IRD/CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, France Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA LOPS, University of Brest/IFREMER/IRD/CNRS, Brest, France University of Bristol, Bristol, UK LOPS, University of Brest/IFREMER/IRD/CNRS, Brest, France C2 OBSERV MIDI PYRENEES, FRANCE UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, USA CNRS, FRANCE UNIV BRISTOL, UK UBO, FRANCE UM LOPS IN WOS Cotutelle UMR DOAJ copubli-france copubli-europe copubli-int-hors-europe IF 3.998 TC 32 UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00597/70940/69181.pdf LA English DT Article AB Global mean sea level has experienced an unabated rise over the 20th century. This observed rise is due to both ocean warming and increasing continental freshwater discharge. We estimate the net ocean mass contribution to sea level by assessing the global ocean salt budget based on the unprecedented amount of in situ data over 2005–2015. We obtain the ocean mass trends of 1.30 ± 1.13 mm · yr−1 (0–2000 m) and 1.55 ± 1.20 mm · yr−1 (full depth). These new ocean mass trends are smaller by 0.63–0.88 mm · yr−1 compared to the ocean mass trend estimated through the sea level budget approach. Our result provides an independent validation of Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE)-based ocean mass trend and, in addition, places an independent constraint on the combined Glacial Isostatic Adjustment – the Earth’s delayed viscoelastic response to the redistribution of mass that accompanied the last deglaciation- and geocenter variations needed to directly infer the ocean mass trend based on GRACE data. PY 2019 PD NOV SO Scientific Reports SN 2045-2322 PU Springer Science and Business Media LLC VL 9 IS 1 UT 000499223000001 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54239-2 ID 70940 ER EF