TY - JOUR T1 - Winter weather controls net influx of atmospheric CO2 on the northwest European shelf A1 - Kitidis,Vassilis A1 - Shutler,Jamie D. A1 - Ashton,Ian A1 - Warren,Mark A1 - Brown,Ian A1 - Findlay,Helen A1 - Hartman,Sue E. A1 - Sanders,Richard A1 - Humphreys,Matthew A1 - Kivimae,Caroline A1 - Greenwood,Naomi A1 - Hull,Tom A1 - Pearce,David A1 - McGrath,Triona A1 - Stewart,Brian M. A1 - Walsham,Pamela A1 - McGovern,Evin A1 - Bozec,Yann A1 - Gac,Jean-Philippe A1 - Van Heuven,Steven M. A. C. A1 - Hoppema,Mario A1 - Schuster,Ute A1 - Johannessen,Truls A1 - Omar,Abdirahman A1 - Lauvset,Siv K. A1 - Skjelvan,Ingunn A1 - Olsen,Are A1 - Steinhoff,Tobias A1 - Koertzinger,Arne A1 - Becker,Meike A1 - Lefevre,Nathalie A1 - Diverres,Denis A1 - Gkritzalis,Thanos A1 - Cattrijsse,Andre A1 - Petersen,Wilhelm A1 - Voynova,Yoana G. A1 - Chapron,Bertrand A1 - Grouazel,Antoine A1 - Land,Peter E. A1 - Sharples,Jonathan A1 - Nightingale,Philip D. AD - Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. AD - Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. AD - Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. AD - Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. AD - Cefas, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. AD - Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, Ireland. AD - Agrifood & Biosci Inst, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. AD - MSS, Aberdeen, Scotland. AD - Marine Inst, Galway, Ireland. AD - UMR CNRS UPMC 7144 Equipe Chim Marine, Stn Biol Roscoff, Roscoff, France. AD - Univ Groningen, Fac Sci & Engn, Groningen, Netherlands. AD - Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. AD - Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. AD - Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. AD - Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, NORCE Norwegian Res Ctr, Bergen, Norway. AD - GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. AD - Univ Paris 06, UPMC, Sorbonne Univ, IRD,CNRS,MNHN,LOCEAN, Paris, France. AD - IRD, Ctr Bretagne, Plouzane, France. AD - VLIZ Flanders Marine Inst, Oostende, Belgium. AD - Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Ctr Mat & Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany. AD - IFREMER, F-29280 Plouzane, France. AD - Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. AD - Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England. UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00607/71869/ DO - 10.1038/s41598-019-56363-5 N2 - Shelf seas play an important role in the global carbon cycle, absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and exporting carbon (C) to the open ocean and sediments. The magnitude of these processes is poorly constrained, because observations are typically interpolated over multiple years. Here, we used 298500 observations of CO2 fugacity (fCO(2)) from a single year (2015), to estimate the net influx of atmospheric CO2 as 26.2 +/- 4.7 Tg C yr(-1) over the open NW European shelf. CO2 influx from the atmosphere was dominated by influx during winter as a consequence of high winds, despite a smaller, thermally-driven, air-sea fCO(2) gradient compared to the larger, biologically-driven summer gradient. In order to understand this climate regulation service, we constructed a carbon-budget supplemented by data from the literature, where the NW European shelf is treated as a box with carbon entering and leaving the box. This budget showed that net C-burial was a small sink of 1.3 +/- 3.1 Tg C yr(-1), while CO2 efflux from estuaries to the atmosphere, removed the majority of river C-inputs. In contrast, the input from the Baltic Sea likely contributes to net export via the continental shelf pump and advection (34.4 +/- 6.0 Tg C yr(-1)). Y1 - 2019/12 PB - Nature Publishing Group JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 IS - 20153 ID - 71869 ER -