TY - JOUR T1 - A Sustained Immune Response Supports Long-Term Antiviral Immune Priming in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas A1 - Lafont,Maxime A1 - Vergnes,Agnes A1 - Vidal-Dupiol,Jeremie A1 - de Lorgeril,Julien A1 - Gueguen,Yannick A1 - Haffner,Philippe A1 - Petton,Bruno A1 - Chaparro,Cristian A1 - Barrachina,Celia A1 - Destoumieux-Garzon,Delphine A1 - Mitta,Guillaume A1 - Gourbal,Benjamin A1 - Montagnani,Caroline AD - IHPE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France AD - IHPE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France AD - Ifremer, LEMAR UMR6539, Argenton-en-Landunvez, France AD - MGX, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France AD - IHPE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00614/72580/ DO - 10.1128/mBio.02777-19 KW - innate immunity KW - priming KW - OsHV-1 KW - antiviral response KW - immune memory KW - oyster KW - POMS KW - poly(I-C) KW - interferon KW - transcriptomic N2 - Over the last decade, innate immune priming has been evidenced in many invertebrate phyla. If mechanistic models have been proposed, molecular studies aiming to substantiate these models have remained scarce. We reveal here the transcriptional signature associated with immune priming in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Oysters were fully protected against Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), a major oyster pathogen, after priming with poly(I·C), which mimics viral double-stranded RNA. Global analysis through RNA sequencing of oyster and viral genes after immune priming and viral infection revealed that poly(I·C) induces a strong antiviral response that impairs OsHV-1 replication. Protection is based on a sustained upregulation of immune genes, notably genes involved in the interferon pathway and apoptosis, which control subsequent viral infection. This persistent antiviral alert state remains active over 4 months and supports antiviral protection in the long term. This acquired resistance mechanism reinforces the molecular foundations of the sustained response model of immune priming. It further opens the way to applications (pseudovaccination) to cope with a recurrent disease that causes dramatic economic losses in the shellfish farming industry worldwide. Y1 - 2020/03 PB - American Society for Microbiology JF - Mbio SN - 2150-7511 VL - 11 IS - 2 ID - 72580 ER -