FN Archimer Export Format
PT J
TI The Epigenome of Schistosoma mansoni Provides Insight about How Cercariae Poise Transcription until Infection
BT 
AF ROQUIS, David
   LEPESANT, Julie M. J.
   PICARD, Marion A. L.
   FREITAG, Michael
   PARRINELLO, Hugues
   GROTH, Marco
   EMANS, Remi
   COSSEAU, Celine
   GRUNAU, Christoph
AS 1:1,2;2:1,2;3:1,2;4:3;5:4;6:5;7:2;8:1,2;9:1,2;
FF 1:;2:;3:;4:;5:;6:;7:;8:;9:;
C1 Univ Perpignan, F-66025 Perpignan, France.
   CNRS, UMR 5244, IHPE, Perpignan, France.
   Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   CNRS, GenomiX IBiSA, Montpellier, France.
   Fritz Lipmann Inst, Leibniz Inst Age Research, Jena, Germany.
C2 UNIV PERPIGNAN, FRANCE
   CNRS, FRANCE
   UNIV OREGON STATE, USA
   CNRS, FRANCE
   FRITZ LIPMANN INST, GERMANY
UM IHPE
IN DOAJ
IF 3.948
TC 42
UR https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00615/72712/71721.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00615/72712/71722.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00615/72712/71723.xls
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00615/72712/71724.xlsx
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00615/72712/71725.pdf
   https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00615/72712/71726.tiff
LA English
DT Article
AB Background Chromatin structure can control gene expression and can define specific transcription states. For example, bivalent methylation of histone H3K4 and H3K27 is linked to poised transcription in vertebrate embryonic stem cells (ESC). It allows them to rapidly engage specific developmental pathways. We reasoned that non-vertebrate metazoans that encounter a similar developmental constraint (i.e. to quickly start development into a new phenotype) might use a similar system. Schistosomes are parasitic platyhelminthes that are characterized by passage through two hosts: a mollusk as intermediate host and humans or rodents as definitive host. During its development, the parasite undergoes drastic changes, most notable immediately after infection of the definitive host, i.e. during the transition from the free-swimming cercariae into adult worms. Methodology/Principal Findings We used Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by massive parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to analyze genome-wide chromatin structure of S. mansoni on the level of histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K9ac) in cercariae, schistosomula and adults (available at http://genome.univ-perp.fr). We saw striking differences in chromatin structure between the developmental stages, but most importantly we found that cercariae possess a specific combination of marks at the transcription start sites (TSS) that has similarities to a structure found in ESC. We demonstrate that in cercariae no transcription occurs, and we provide evidences that cercariae do not possess large numbers of canonical stem cells. Conclusions/Significance We describe here a broad view on the epigenome of a metazoan parasite. Most notably, we find bivalent histone H3 methylation in cercariae. Methylation of H3K27 is removed during transformation into schistosomula (and stays absent in adults) and transcription is activated. In addition, shifts of H3K9 methylation and acetylation occur towards upstream and downstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS). We conclude that specific H3 modifications are a phylogenetically older and probably more general mechanism, i.e. not restricted to stem cells, to poise transcription. Since adult couples must form to cause the disease symptoms, changes in histone modifications appear to be crucial for pathogenesis and represent therefore a therapeutic target. 
PY 2015
PD AUG
SO Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
SN 1935-2735
PU Public Library Science
VL 9
IS 8
UT 000360708200013
DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003853
ID 72712
ER

EF