TY - JOUR T1 - Reclassification of Gonyaulax verior (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) as Sourniaea diacantha gen. et comb. nov. A1 - Zhang,Wei A1 - Li,Zhun A1 - Mertens,Kenneth A1 - Derrien,Amelie A1 - Pospelova,Vera A1 - Carbonell-Moore,M. Consuelo A1 - Bagheri,Siamak A1 - Matsuoka,Kazumi A1 - Shin,Hyeon Ho A1 - Gu,Haifeng AD - Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China AD - Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea AD - Station de Biologie Marine, Ifremer, LER BO, Place de la Croix, BP40537, Concarneau CEDEX F-29185, France AD - School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, OEASB A405, P. O. Box 1700 16 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada AD - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA AD - Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902, USA AD - Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Anzali 43167-13111, Iran AD - Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka City 535-8585, Japan AD - Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Korea AD - Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2020.1735926 DO - 10.1080/00318884.2020.1735926 KW - Amylax diacantha KW - Cysts KW - Dinoflagellate KW - Gonyaulax longispina KW - Molecular phylogeny N2 - Gonyaulax verior was initially described as Amylax diacantha from Belgian coastal waters a century ago but its detailed morphology needed restudy. Here, we established nine strains of G. verior by germinating cysts or isolating cells from localities from the European Atlantic to the Caspian Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Both cyst and thecal morphology were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. SSU, LSU and/or ITS-5.8S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from all strains. Cells of G. verior have a plate formula of Po, 4′, 2a, 6-7′′, 6C, 6S, 6′′′, 1p, 1′′′′ with an L-type ventral organisation, characterised by two either straight or curved antapical horns of variable length. Cysts of G. verior are oval, smooth and contain one or two yellow accumulation bodies. The maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on SSU and LSU rRNA gene sequences revealed two clades of G. verior, referred to as ribotypes A and B. Genetic distances based on ITS-5.8S rRNA gene sequences within the same ribotype were less than 0.06, but greater than 0.32 between ribotypes. G. verior is reclassified as Sourniaea diacantha gen. et comb. nov., which is attributed to Lingulodiniaceae together with Pyxidinopsis, Lingulodinium and Amylax. Our results suggest that Lingulodiniaceae can be separated from Protoceratiaceae and Gonyaulacaceae based on ventral organisation, apical complex, ventral pore and number of anterior intercalary plates. One strain of S. diacantha was examined for yessotoxin production by LC-MS/MS but did not produce toxin. Y1 - 2020/05 PB - Informa UK Limited JF - Phycologia SN - 0031-8884 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - 246 EP - 260 ID - 73347 ER -